Abstract
Delivering therapeutic agents to the airways maximizes their concentration in lung tissue, decreasing systemic exposure or facilitating systemic absorption as desired. Many formulations exist for the treatment of respiratory illnesses however, no controlled release inhalation formulation exists to-date. This review is an update of the current advances in controlled release inhalation formulations and evaluation. The major successful particle engineering strategies are discussed along with potential in vitro and in vivo methodologies required for their characterisation. Controlled release formulation has many challenges to overcome, specific to this kind of medicament for inhalation. With small particle size and thus an increase in surface area, it becomes more difficult to achieve an effective controlled release profile. In addition, the physiology of the lung and its impact on resident particles need to be considered. An important issue when developing controlled release inhalation formulation is the toxic, inflammatory and accumulation effects of the release modifying agents used. These effects will need to be scrutinized in much greater detail in order to bring these formulations to the market. Currently, strategies for controlling the release of inhalation therapy include molecular dispersions (liposomal-based systems), solid lipid microparticles, coating or encapsulating drug particles in a lipid outer shield, solid biodegradable (synthetic and natural excipient-based matrices), conjugates and viscous semisolid vehicles. However, the availability of standardized pharmacopoeia methodologies to test the in vitro release rates or in vivo methodologies to evaluate deposition, pharmacokinetics and clearance of controlled release systems are not available. These methodologies are presented and discussed in this review.
Keywords: Controlled release, pulmonary inhalation, in vitro release, in vivo, biodegradable polymers, particle engineering, diffusion
Current Drug Delivery
Title: Recent Advances in Controlled Release Pulmonary Therapy
Volume: 6 Issue: 4
Author(s): Rania Salama, Daniela Traini, Hak-Kim Chan and Paul M. Young
Affiliation:
Keywords: Controlled release, pulmonary inhalation, in vitro release, in vivo, biodegradable polymers, particle engineering, diffusion
Abstract: Delivering therapeutic agents to the airways maximizes their concentration in lung tissue, decreasing systemic exposure or facilitating systemic absorption as desired. Many formulations exist for the treatment of respiratory illnesses however, no controlled release inhalation formulation exists to-date. This review is an update of the current advances in controlled release inhalation formulations and evaluation. The major successful particle engineering strategies are discussed along with potential in vitro and in vivo methodologies required for their characterisation. Controlled release formulation has many challenges to overcome, specific to this kind of medicament for inhalation. With small particle size and thus an increase in surface area, it becomes more difficult to achieve an effective controlled release profile. In addition, the physiology of the lung and its impact on resident particles need to be considered. An important issue when developing controlled release inhalation formulation is the toxic, inflammatory and accumulation effects of the release modifying agents used. These effects will need to be scrutinized in much greater detail in order to bring these formulations to the market. Currently, strategies for controlling the release of inhalation therapy include molecular dispersions (liposomal-based systems), solid lipid microparticles, coating or encapsulating drug particles in a lipid outer shield, solid biodegradable (synthetic and natural excipient-based matrices), conjugates and viscous semisolid vehicles. However, the availability of standardized pharmacopoeia methodologies to test the in vitro release rates or in vivo methodologies to evaluate deposition, pharmacokinetics and clearance of controlled release systems are not available. These methodologies are presented and discussed in this review.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Salama Rania, Traini Daniela, Chan Hak-Kim and Young M. Paul, Recent Advances in Controlled Release Pulmonary Therapy, Current Drug Delivery 2009; 6 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720109789000546
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720109789000546 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
Nanotechnology Based Chemotherapy for the treatment of Head & Neck Cancer
The escalating recurrence rates observed in Head and Neck cancer, particularly within the chemo-therapeutically treated cohort (50-60%), can be attributed to the non-selective nature of current anticancer drug delivery modalities. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emerge as a promising avenue for achieving precise localization of therapeutic agents to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Vitamin D in COPD - A Pleiotropic Micronutrient in a Multisystem Disease
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews A Stress Repair Mechanism That Maintains Vertebrate Structure During Stress
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets The Role of Binding Kinetics in GPCR Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Renal Neoplasia in the Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome
Current Molecular Medicine Recent Clinical Evidence in Bisphosphonate-related Osteomyelitis of the Jaw: Focus on Risk, Prevention and Treatment
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials A Pharmacological Primer of Biased Agonism
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Cell Cycle Dependent Regulation of Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Potential Target for Drug Therapy
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms (TaqI, FokI) in Turkish Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Relationship to the Levels of Vit-D and Cytokines
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Therapy for Bone Diseases
Current Drug Delivery Impact of Oral 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D (Calcitriol) Replacement Therapy on Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Hormonal Effects on Drug Metabolism Through the CYP System: Perspectives on Their Potential Significance in the Era of Pharmacogenomics
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Targeting RANK/RANKL in the Treatment of Solid Tumours and Myeloma
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Bone Density Measurements in the Evaluation of New Treatments for Osteoporosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vitamin D - Pivotal Nutraceutical in the Regulation of Cancer Metastasis and Angiogenesis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Identifying and Validating Oncology Therapeutic Targets in the Post- Genomics Era
Current Genomics Oral and Intravenous Ibandronate in the Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genes that Modulate the Sensitivity for Anti-Microtubule Drug-Mediated Chemotherapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Radiopharmaceutical: Revolutionary Agents for Diagnosis
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Chitosan Formulations as Carriers for Therapeutic Proteins
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biology of Follicular Epithelium-Derived Pediatric Thyroid Carcinomas
Current Pediatric Reviews