Abstract
Drug-induced photoirritation can be defined as an inflammatory reaction of the skin after topical or systemic administration of pharmaceutical substances. In many cases of drug-induced phototoxicity, skin reactions can be triggered by doses of sunlight regarded as harmless and most often in the ultraviolet A (320 – 400 nm). Several classes of drugs including antibacterials, thiazide diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, quinolones, and tricyclic antidepressants, even though nontoxic by themselves, may become reactive under exposure to environmental light, leading to undesired side effects. At least three types of drug-induced phototoxic skin reactions, including the photoirritant, photogenotoxic and photoallergic skin responses, have been recognized, and their mechanisms and pathologic features are quite different. The development of effective methodology to evaluate the photochemical/biological properties has been attempted over the past few years, since it would be a key consideration to predict and avoid the phototoxic risk in the early phase of the drug discovery process. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical features, pathogenesis and photochemical characteristics of drug-induced phototoxicity, and the current developments in research tools for predicting phototoxic potential of new drug entities are also addressed.
Keywords: Phototoxicity, photoirritation, photoallergy, photogenotoxicity, reactive oxygen species
Current Drug Safety
Title: Drug-Induced Phototoxicity; An Early In Vitro Identification of Phototoxic Potential of New Drug Entities in Drug Discovery and Development
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): Satomi Onoue, Yoshiki Seto, Graham Gandy and Shizuo Yamada
Affiliation:
Keywords: Phototoxicity, photoirritation, photoallergy, photogenotoxicity, reactive oxygen species
Abstract: Drug-induced photoirritation can be defined as an inflammatory reaction of the skin after topical or systemic administration of pharmaceutical substances. In many cases of drug-induced phototoxicity, skin reactions can be triggered by doses of sunlight regarded as harmless and most often in the ultraviolet A (320 – 400 nm). Several classes of drugs including antibacterials, thiazide diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, quinolones, and tricyclic antidepressants, even though nontoxic by themselves, may become reactive under exposure to environmental light, leading to undesired side effects. At least three types of drug-induced phototoxic skin reactions, including the photoirritant, photogenotoxic and photoallergic skin responses, have been recognized, and their mechanisms and pathologic features are quite different. The development of effective methodology to evaluate the photochemical/biological properties has been attempted over the past few years, since it would be a key consideration to predict and avoid the phototoxic risk in the early phase of the drug discovery process. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical features, pathogenesis and photochemical characteristics of drug-induced phototoxicity, and the current developments in research tools for predicting phototoxic potential of new drug entities are also addressed.
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Cite this article as:
Onoue Satomi, Seto Yoshiki, Gandy Graham and Yamada Shizuo, Drug-Induced Phototoxicity; An Early In Vitro Identification of Phototoxic Potential of New Drug Entities in Drug Discovery and Development, Current Drug Safety 2009; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488609788173044
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488609788173044 |
Print ISSN 1574-8863 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3911 |
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