Abstract
“Tissue” or type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2) is a peculiar multifunctional enzyme able to catalyse Ca2+-dependent posttranslational modification of proteins, by establishing covalent bonds between peptide-bound glutamine residues and either lysine residues or mono- and poly-amines. In addition, it may act also as a G protein in transmembrane signalling, as a kinase, as a protein disulphide isomerase and as a cell surface adhesion mediator. The vast array of biochemical functions exerted by TG2 characterises and distinguishes it from all the other members of the transglutaminase family. Multiple lines of evidence suggest an involvement of the enzyme in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntingtons (HD) and Parkinson (PD), and that its inhibition, either via drug treatments or genetic approaches, might be beneficial for the treatment of these syndromes. This review will exploit the recent developments in the comprehension of the role played by type 2 transglutaminase in eukaryotic cells, focusing on the role exerted by TG2 on mitochondrial physiology and on the regulation of cell death pathways at the basis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Type 2 Transglutaminase in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Mitochondrial Connection
Volume: 14 Issue: 3
Author(s): Mauro Piacentini, Walter Malorni, Maria Grazia Farrace and Carlo Rodolfo
Affiliation:
Abstract: “Tissue” or type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2) is a peculiar multifunctional enzyme able to catalyse Ca2+-dependent posttranslational modification of proteins, by establishing covalent bonds between peptide-bound glutamine residues and either lysine residues or mono- and poly-amines. In addition, it may act also as a G protein in transmembrane signalling, as a kinase, as a protein disulphide isomerase and as a cell surface adhesion mediator. The vast array of biochemical functions exerted by TG2 characterises and distinguishes it from all the other members of the transglutaminase family. Multiple lines of evidence suggest an involvement of the enzyme in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntingtons (HD) and Parkinson (PD), and that its inhibition, either via drug treatments or genetic approaches, might be beneficial for the treatment of these syndromes. This review will exploit the recent developments in the comprehension of the role played by type 2 transglutaminase in eukaryotic cells, focusing on the role exerted by TG2 on mitochondrial physiology and on the regulation of cell death pathways at the basis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Cite this article as:
Piacentini Mauro, Malorni Walter, Farrace Grazia Maria and Rodolfo Carlo, Type 2 Transglutaminase in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Mitochondrial Connection, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2008; 14 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208783413220
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208783413220 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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