Abstract
Myeloid leukaemia cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus leukaemia and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with graft-versus-host disease. The cytokine used most extensively to date is interleukin-2 (IL2), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity. Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in acute myeloid leukaemia remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. IL2 appears to be effective in patients with low level marrow infiltration by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blast cells. It is less effective when patients present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that IL2 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. IL2 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in patients with AML is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.
Keywords: human acute leukaemia, cytotoxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Cytokine Manipulation of the Immune Response in the Treatment of Human Acute Leukaemia
Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Author(s): David Gottlieb
Affiliation:
Keywords: human acute leukaemia, cytotoxicity
Abstract: Myeloid leukaemia cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus leukaemia and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with graft-versus-host disease. The cytokine used most extensively to date is interleukin-2 (IL2), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity. Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in acute myeloid leukaemia remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. IL2 appears to be effective in patients with low level marrow infiltration by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blast cells. It is less effective when patients present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that IL2 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. IL2 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in patients with AML is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gottlieb David, Cytokine Manipulation of the Immune Response in the Treatment of Human Acute Leukaemia, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2002; 8 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612023396087
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612023396087 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targeted Therapy for Advanced Renal Cell Cancer: Cytokines and Beyond
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Involvement of Post-Translational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Ribozymes, DNAzymes and Small Interfering RNAs as Therapeutics
Current Drug Targets Critical Roles of EGFR Family Members in Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Targets for Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design MicroRNA in Multiple Myeloma - A Role in Pathogenesis and Prognostic Significance
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adipokines, Metabolism and the Immune Response in the Regulation of Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents NAD(P) Biosynthesis Enzymes as Potential Targets for Selective Drug Design
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adult Neural Stem Cell Therapy: Expansion In Vitro, Tracking In Vivo and Clinical Transplantation
Current Drug Targets Deregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways by Isoflavones and its Implication in Cancer Treatment
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pyrazolines: A Biological Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Look Into My Onco-forest - Review of Plant Natural Products with Anticancer Activity
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nucleoside Transport as a Potential Target for Chemotherapy in Malaria
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of STAT3 Signaling in Mediating Tumor Resistance to Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Natural Products, Synthetic and Non-Nucleoside Compounds as Inhibitors of Enzymes Related to DNA: Update 2013
Current Enzyme Inhibition Evaluation of Direct Effect of Testosterone on NGEP and LM O1 Expression in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells
Current Biomarkers (Discontinued) Targeting Notch Pathway in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics: An Emerging Approach
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery vHTS, 3-D Pharmacophore, QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies for the Identification of Phyto-derived ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of the BCR-ABL Kinase Domain
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Alpha-Emitters for Immuno-Therapy: A Review of Recent Developments from Chemistry to Clinics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Src Family Kinases: Potential Targets for the Treatment of Human Cancer and Leukemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Proteomics in the Search for Biomarkers of Animal Cancer
Current Protein & Peptide Science