Abstract
Oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde is an important first step in the biosynthesis of a biologically active retinoic acid, which serves as an activating ligand for retinoic acid receptors. Retinol can be oxidized by a variety of different oxidoreductases found in both the cytosolic and the microsomal fractions of the cells. In the cytosol, the best characterized retinol-active dehydrogenases are the dimeric 40 kDa-subunit zinc metalloenzymes that belong to the superfamily of medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases. Microsomes contain retinol-active dehydrogenases with 35 kDa-subunit molecular weight that belong to the short-chain dehydrogenase / reductase superfamily. Both types of enzymes recognize other physiological substrates besides retinol and exist in multiple isozymic forms. Isozymes exhibit different tissue distribution and have various catalytic efficiencies for oxidation of retinol. The relative physiological importance of the multiple forms of retinol dehydrogenases is currently being debated. This review summarizes some of our data on the identification and characterization of the candidate cytosolic and m icrosomal retinol dehydrogenases.
Keywords: Dehydrogenases, alcohol dehydrogenase, hydroxysteroid, cellular retinol-binding protein
Current Organic Chemistry
Title: Multifunctional Nature of Human Retinol Dehydrogenases
Volume: 6 Issue: 14
Author(s): N. Y. Kedishvili
Affiliation:
Keywords: Dehydrogenases, alcohol dehydrogenase, hydroxysteroid, cellular retinol-binding protein
Abstract: Oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde is an important first step in the biosynthesis of a biologically active retinoic acid, which serves as an activating ligand for retinoic acid receptors. Retinol can be oxidized by a variety of different oxidoreductases found in both the cytosolic and the microsomal fractions of the cells. In the cytosol, the best characterized retinol-active dehydrogenases are the dimeric 40 kDa-subunit zinc metalloenzymes that belong to the superfamily of medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases. Microsomes contain retinol-active dehydrogenases with 35 kDa-subunit molecular weight that belong to the short-chain dehydrogenase / reductase superfamily. Both types of enzymes recognize other physiological substrates besides retinol and exist in multiple isozymic forms. Isozymes exhibit different tissue distribution and have various catalytic efficiencies for oxidation of retinol. The relative physiological importance of the multiple forms of retinol dehydrogenases is currently being debated. This review summarizes some of our data on the identification and characterization of the candidate cytosolic and m icrosomal retinol dehydrogenases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kedishvili Y. N., Multifunctional Nature of Human Retinol Dehydrogenases, Current Organic Chemistry 2002; 6 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272023373400
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272023373400 |
Print ISSN 1385-2728 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5348 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of Heterocyclic Chemistry with Pesticide Activity
Global food safety and security will continue to be a global concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Plant diseases have had a significant impact on food safety and security throughout the entire food chain, from primary production to consumption. While conventional chemical pesticides have been traditionally used for ...read more
Calculation design of covalent/metal organic framework based catalysts
This research area combines theoretical computation and screening with machine learning for the design of covalent/metal organic framework-based catalysts, bridging the disciplines of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. It covers several critical aspects: designing and synthesizing organic catalysts for improved performance, applying computational methods ...read more
Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
MPP+ Analogs Acting on Mitochondria and Inducing Neuro-Degeneration
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Multiple Pharmaceutical Potential of Curcumin in Parkinson's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Pharmacological Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Prodromal Syndrome of Alzheimer´s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Teratogenic Potential of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs, Quetiapine and Aripiprazole in Rats
Current Psychopharmacology Targeting Telomerase for Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients Control CCL4 and CXCL10 Levels in a Human Blood Brain Barrier Model
Current Alzheimer Research Mechanisms and Medical Management of Exercise Intolerance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Simulating the Bacterial Chemotaxis Pathway at High Spatio-temporal Detail
Current Chemical Biology Analgesia in PACU: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Current Drug Targets Lithium Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacogenetics: Focus on Inositol Mono Phosphatase (IMPase), Inositol Poliphosphatase (IPPase) and Glycogen Sinthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK-3 Beta)
Current Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Testing and Structure-Activity Studies on a Library of 5-HT4 Ligands
Medicinal Chemistry Enteric Ecosystem Disruption in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can the Microbiota and Macrobiota be Restored?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Sigma1 Receptor Ligands
Current Neuropharmacology Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase with Fluorobenzylcymserine, An Experimental Alzheimer's Drug Candidate: Validation of Enzoinformatics Results by Classical and Innovative Enzyme Kinetic Analyses
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Haptoglobin Polymorphism and Lacunar Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Meet Our Associate Editor:
Current Molecular Medicine Neuropharmacological Properties of Withania somnifera - Indian Ginseng: An Overview on Experimental Evidence with Emphasis on Clinical Trials and Patents
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Amyloid PET and MRI in Alzheimers Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Enhancement of Delayed Audiovisual Response in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comparison with Normal Aged Controls
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued)