Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are a class of compounds resulting from glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids. Glycation is the non-enzymatic addition or insertion of saccharide derivatives to these molecules. This leads to the formation of intermediary Schiff bases and Amadori products and finally to irreversible AGE. This classical view has been modified in recent years with recognition of the importance of oxidative and carbonyl stress in endogenous AGE formation. AGE may also have exogenous sources, in certain foods and tobacco smoke. A whole class of specific and non-specific receptors binding AGE has been characterized. Apart from cross-linking of proteins by AGE, the effects of receptor stimulation contribute to the development of chronic complications of conditions like diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and atherosclerosis. Possible interventions to reduce the effects of AGE accumulation include AGE formation inhibitors or breakers, or receptor blockers, but possibly also dietary interventions. Some of the problems with current assay or diagnostic techniques, and several unresolved issues on the role of AGE in disease will be discussed. Our review will focus on the clinical and pharmaceutical implications of these developments.
Keywords: advanced glycation endproducts (age), pentosidine, diabetes, renal failure, aminoguanidine, carbonyl stress, oxidative stress
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: The Clinical Relevance of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) and Recent Developments in Pharmaceutics to Reduce AGE Accumulation
Volume: 11 Issue: 20
Author(s): A J. Smit and H. L. Lutgers
Affiliation:
Keywords: advanced glycation endproducts (age), pentosidine, diabetes, renal failure, aminoguanidine, carbonyl stress, oxidative stress
Abstract: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are a class of compounds resulting from glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids. Glycation is the non-enzymatic addition or insertion of saccharide derivatives to these molecules. This leads to the formation of intermediary Schiff bases and Amadori products and finally to irreversible AGE. This classical view has been modified in recent years with recognition of the importance of oxidative and carbonyl stress in endogenous AGE formation. AGE may also have exogenous sources, in certain foods and tobacco smoke. A whole class of specific and non-specific receptors binding AGE has been characterized. Apart from cross-linking of proteins by AGE, the effects of receptor stimulation contribute to the development of chronic complications of conditions like diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and atherosclerosis. Possible interventions to reduce the effects of AGE accumulation include AGE formation inhibitors or breakers, or receptor blockers, but possibly also dietary interventions. Some of the problems with current assay or diagnostic techniques, and several unresolved issues on the role of AGE in disease will be discussed. Our review will focus on the clinical and pharmaceutical implications of these developments.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Smit J. A and Lutgers L. H., The Clinical Relevance of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) and Recent Developments in Pharmaceutics to Reduce AGE Accumulation, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364342
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364342 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Treatment of ‘Diabesity’: Beyond Pharmacotherapy
Current Drug Targets Hepatic Steatosis and Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-oxidation
Current Drug Metabolism Insulin Resistance, Glycemic Control and Adiposity: Key Determinants of Healthy Lifespan
Current Alzheimer Research Feasibility of a Scale-down Production of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Exendin-4 in a Hospital Based Radiopharmacy
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Vitamin D Metabolism and Potential Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Modulation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Neural Stem Cell Niches in Health and Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Flavonoids in Human Health: From Structure to Biological Activity
Current Nutrition & Food Science Antioxidant Therapy for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Associated to Cancer and Cancer- Related Anorexia/Cachexia
Current Nutrition & Food Science Non-Transferrin Bound Iron - Determination in Biological Material and Clinical Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Rosuvastatin and Diabetes: When the Evidences Talk
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Endogenous Cardioprotective Agents: Role in Pre and Postconditioning
Current Drug Targets An 8-Year Retrospective Study of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
Current Clinical Pharmacology Novel Agents Targeting Nitric Oxide
Current Vascular Pharmacology Further Vitamin D Analogs
Current Vascular Pharmacology Diabetes Mellitus-Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Approaches.
Current Molecular Medicine Oral Glucose Loading for Detection of Mitochondrial Toxicity During HAART in HIV-Infected Patients
Current HIV Research Neonatal Fc Receptor and its Role in the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Immunoglobulin G-Based Biotherapeutics
Current Drug Metabolism The Functional Logic of Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidases.
Current Medicinal Chemistry HDL Therapy: Two Kinds of Right?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology