Abstract
In recent years, VIP / PACAP / secretin family has special interest. Family members are vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), secretin, glucagon, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1), GLP2, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH or GRF), and peptide histidine methionine (PHM). Most of the family members present both in central nervous system (CNS) and in various peripheral tissues. The family members that are released into blood from periphery, especially gut, circulate the brain and they can cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, some of the members of this family that present in the brain, can cross from brain to blood and reach the peripheral targets. VIP, secretin, GLP1, and PACAP 27 are transported into the brain by transmembrane diffusion, a non-saturable mechanism. However, uptake of PACAP 38 into the brain is saturable mechanism. While there is no report for the passage of GIP, GLP2, and PHM, there is only one report that shows, glucagon and GHRH can cross the BBB. The passage of VIP / PACAP / secretin family members opens up new horizon for understanding of CNS effects of peripherally administrated peptides. There is much hope that those peptides may prove to be useful in the treatment of serious neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, AIDS related neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, autism, stroke and nerve injury. Their benefits in various pathophysiologic conditions undoubtly motivate the development of a novel drug design for future therapeutics.
Keywords: secretin family, blood-brain barrier, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, peptide histidine methionine
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Passage of VIP / PACAP / Secretin Family Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Therapeutic Effects
Volume: 10 Issue: 12
Author(s): Dilek Dogrukol-Ak, Fatma Tore and Nese Tuncel
Affiliation:
Keywords: secretin family, blood-brain barrier, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, peptide histidine methionine
Abstract: In recent years, VIP / PACAP / secretin family has special interest. Family members are vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), secretin, glucagon, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1), GLP2, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH or GRF), and peptide histidine methionine (PHM). Most of the family members present both in central nervous system (CNS) and in various peripheral tissues. The family members that are released into blood from periphery, especially gut, circulate the brain and they can cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, some of the members of this family that present in the brain, can cross from brain to blood and reach the peripheral targets. VIP, secretin, GLP1, and PACAP 27 are transported into the brain by transmembrane diffusion, a non-saturable mechanism. However, uptake of PACAP 38 into the brain is saturable mechanism. While there is no report for the passage of GIP, GLP2, and PHM, there is only one report that shows, glucagon and GHRH can cross the BBB. The passage of VIP / PACAP / secretin family members opens up new horizon for understanding of CNS effects of peripherally administrated peptides. There is much hope that those peptides may prove to be useful in the treatment of serious neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, AIDS related neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, autism, stroke and nerve injury. Their benefits in various pathophysiologic conditions undoubtly motivate the development of a novel drug design for future therapeutics.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dogrukol-Ak Dilek, Tore Fatma and Tuncel Nese, Passage of VIP / PACAP / Secretin Family Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Therapeutic Effects, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384934
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384934 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Minoxidil Use in Dermatology, Side Effects and Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Structural Polymorphism of Amyloid Oligomers and Fibrils Underlies Different Fibrillization Pathways: Immunogenicity and Cytotoxicity
Current Protein & Peptide Science Regulation of Cardiac Nerves: A New Paradigm in The Management of Sudden Cardiac Death?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Relevance of the Chronobiological and Non-chronobiological Actions of Melatonin for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Pulmonary Pathology Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Current Diabetes Reviews Beta-cell Management in Type 2 Diabetes: Beneficial Role of Nutraceuticals
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Gene Therapy for Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Current Gene Therapy A Review on Electrocardiographic Changes in Diabetic Patients
Current Diabetes Reviews Preface
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Development in Identification of Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets Against Trypanosomatids
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Lymphatics and Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Autophagy as a Molecular Target of Flavonoids Underlying their Protective Effects in Human Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes: Lessons from Animal Models
Current Medicinal Chemistry Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Possibilities of their Treatment
Current Diabetes Reviews Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and Rodent Models
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Heat Shock Proteins: Therapeutic Drug Targets for Chronic Neurodegeneration?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications: Role of Sirtuins
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Retina and Potential for Protection and Recovery
Current Neuropharmacology The Two Faces of Iminoalditols: Powerful Inhibitors Trigger Glycosidase Activation
Current Enzyme Inhibition <i>In-Silico</i> Validation and Fabrication of Matrix Diffusion-Based Polymeric Transdermal Patches for Repurposing Gabapentin Hydrochloride in Neuropathic Pain
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets