Abstract
The low levels of endogenous proteins in biological samples and the large dynamic range of the proteome complicate global analysis of gene expression at the protein level. The use of liquid chromatography (LC) in analytical chemistry is well established. However, the relatively low sensitivity associated with conventional LC makes it unsuitable for the analysis of certain biological samples. Furthermore, the flow rates at which it is operated are not compatible with the use of specific detectors, such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometers. Therefore, due to the analytical demands of biological samples, miniaturized LC techniques were developed to allow for the analysis of samples with greater sensitivity than that afforded by conventional LC. In nanoflow LC (nanoLC) chromatographic separations are performed using flow rates in the range of low nanoliter per minute, which result in high analytical sensitivity due to the large concentration efficiency afforded by this type of chromatography. NanoLC, in combination to tandem mass spectrometry, was first used to analyze peptides and as an alternative to other mass spectrometric methods to identify gel-separated proteins. More recently, gel-free analytical approaches based on LC and nanoLC separations have been developed, which are allowing proteomics to be performed in faster and more comprehensive manner than by using strategies based on the classical 2D gel electrophoresis approach.
Keywords: Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography, nanoLC separations, 2D gel electrophoresis
Current Nanoscience
Title: Principles of Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography and Applications to Proteomics
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Pedro R. Cutillas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography, nanoLC separations, 2D gel electrophoresis
Abstract: The low levels of endogenous proteins in biological samples and the large dynamic range of the proteome complicate global analysis of gene expression at the protein level. The use of liquid chromatography (LC) in analytical chemistry is well established. However, the relatively low sensitivity associated with conventional LC makes it unsuitable for the analysis of certain biological samples. Furthermore, the flow rates at which it is operated are not compatible with the use of specific detectors, such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometers. Therefore, due to the analytical demands of biological samples, miniaturized LC techniques were developed to allow for the analysis of samples with greater sensitivity than that afforded by conventional LC. In nanoflow LC (nanoLC) chromatographic separations are performed using flow rates in the range of low nanoliter per minute, which result in high analytical sensitivity due to the large concentration efficiency afforded by this type of chromatography. NanoLC, in combination to tandem mass spectrometry, was first used to analyze peptides and as an alternative to other mass spectrometric methods to identify gel-separated proteins. More recently, gel-free analytical approaches based on LC and nanoLC separations have been developed, which are allowing proteomics to be performed in faster and more comprehensive manner than by using strategies based on the classical 2D gel electrophoresis approach.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cutillas R. Pedro, Principles of Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography and Applications to Proteomics, Current Nanoscience 2005; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413052953093
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413052953093 |
Print ISSN 1573-4137 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6786 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Role of nanomaterials in fabrication of coatings, Machining and Joining
The application of nanoscience has brought about a revolution in the field of mechanical engineering by providing novel materials, boosting manufacturing processes, and generating cutting-edge products. The purpose of this special issue is to investigate the enormous impact that nanoscience has had on mechanical engineering, with a particular emphasis on ...read more
Advanced Inorganic Nanocomposites and Their Emerging Applications
This special issue collection will highlight developments on the recent trends about the synthesis of metal oxides, nanoclusters, biomaterials, 2D nanomaterials, nanocrystals, nanocomposites, etc. and their applications in electrochemical systems, tissue regeneration, energy storage and harvesting, sensors, etc. The novelty of the methods in the chemical synthesis and their characterizations, ...read more
Applicability of Nanotechnology for Performance Enhancement of Clean Energy Technologies
Population growth, industrialization, and improvement in living quality would lead to further increase in energy demand in near future. Regarding the disadvantages of fossil fuels such as fluctuations in their price, high emissions of greenhouse gases and restriction of their sources, it is crucial to use and exploit alternative energy ...read more
Graphene and 2D Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
This thematic issue will discuss the recent advances in graphene-based nanomaterials for different energy technologies. Graphene possesses a high surface area, and stable structure and exhibits many interesting electronic, optical, and mechanical properties due to its 2D crystal structure. Graphene is of both fundamental interest and suitable for a wide ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Mitophagy: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating DN
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Developments in Polymeric Nanoparticle Engineering and Their Applications in Experimental and Clinical Oncology
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-cancer Potential of Phyto-alkaloids: A Prospective Review
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Phytoestrogens in Postmenopause: The State of the Art from a Chemical, Pharmacological and Regulatory Perspective
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Evolution of Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Biliary Tract Rhabdomyosarcoma
Current Pediatric Reviews Phenolics Constituents of Different Types of Propolis and their Antimicrobial Activities
Anti-Infective Agents Glycation and Hypoxia: Two Key Factors for Adipose Tissue Dysfunction
Current Medicinal Chemistry Alternative Gene Therapy Strategies for the Repair of Craniofacial Bone Defects
Current Gene Therapy Infectomics in the Discovery and Development of New Antimicrobial Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Infective Agents Antioxidative Peptides: Trends and Perspectives for Future Research
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Patents on Biomedical Devices and Nanomaterials for Hyperthermal Therapy of Cancer
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine Electrochemical DNA Biosensors in Drug Analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Isothiocyanates as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: Their Biological Activities and Metabolism in Rodents and Humans
Current Drug Metabolism Recent Development of CB2 Selective and Peripheral CB1/CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands
Current Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 1, 3, 5-Triaryl-1H-Pyrazole
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Imaging Reporters and Multimodal Molecular Bio-Imaging: A Database of Available Probes for Multi-Modality Bio-Imaging of Reporter Gene Expression
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Artificial Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche: Bioscaffolds to Microfluidics to Mathematical Simulations
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Redox-Sensitive Smart Nanosystems for Drug and Gene Delivery
Current Organic Chemistry Immune Regulation by the Posttranslational Modification O-GlcNAc
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Triterpenoids for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Current Status and Future Prospects
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology