Abstract
Infections with mould pathogens have emerged as an increasing risk faced by patients under sustained immunosuppression. Species of the Aspergillus family account for most of these infections and in particular Aspergillus fumigatus can be regarded as the most important airborne-pathogenic fungus. The improvement in transplant medicine and the therapy of hematological malignancies is often complicated by the threat of invasive aspergillosis. Specific diagnostics are still limited, as are the possibilities of therapeutic intervention. Hence, invasive aspergillosis is still associated with a high mortality rate that ranges from 30 % to 90 %. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the genetics of A. fumigatus and molecular techniques for the manipulation of the fungus have been developed. Molecular genetics offers not only approaches for the detailed characterization of gene products that appear to be key components of the infection process but also selection strategies that combine classical genetics and molecular biology to identify virulence determinants of A. fumigatus. The review discusses aspects of the current knowledge of the infection process, mechanisms of protection of the fungus against immune effector cells, and virulence determinants of A. fumigatus.
Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, virulence determinants, host defense, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, polyketide synthase, cAMP signal transduction, iron acquisition
Current Drug Targets
Title: Systemic Fungal Infections Caused by Aspergillus Species: Epidemiology, Infection Process and Virulence Determinants
Volume: 6 Issue: 8
Author(s): Axel A. Brakhage
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, virulence determinants, host defense, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, polyketide synthase, cAMP signal transduction, iron acquisition
Abstract: Infections with mould pathogens have emerged as an increasing risk faced by patients under sustained immunosuppression. Species of the Aspergillus family account for most of these infections and in particular Aspergillus fumigatus can be regarded as the most important airborne-pathogenic fungus. The improvement in transplant medicine and the therapy of hematological malignancies is often complicated by the threat of invasive aspergillosis. Specific diagnostics are still limited, as are the possibilities of therapeutic intervention. Hence, invasive aspergillosis is still associated with a high mortality rate that ranges from 30 % to 90 %. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the genetics of A. fumigatus and molecular techniques for the manipulation of the fungus have been developed. Molecular genetics offers not only approaches for the detailed characterization of gene products that appear to be key components of the infection process but also selection strategies that combine classical genetics and molecular biology to identify virulence determinants of A. fumigatus. The review discusses aspects of the current knowledge of the infection process, mechanisms of protection of the fungus against immune effector cells, and virulence determinants of A. fumigatus.
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Cite this article as:
Brakhage A. Axel, Systemic Fungal Infections Caused by Aspergillus Species: Epidemiology, Infection Process and Virulence Determinants, Current Drug Targets 2005; 6 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945005774912717
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945005774912717 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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