Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) and its natural and synthetic derivatives (retinoids) are important dietary factors which regulate cellular differentiation and growth, so that they are thought to be particularly effective at preventing the development of several tumours. They play this role as ligands of the RAR and RXR nuclear retinoic acid receptors, including the RA receptor isoforms alpha, beta, and gamma. These ligand-activated nuclear receptors induce the transcription of target genes by binding to RA-responsive elements in the promoter regions. Among these target genes, the RARβ gene is of great interest, being able to encode a potential tumour suppressor. It should be emphasized that most breast carcinomas and breast cancer cell lines show loss or down-regulation of RARβreceptor expression, whereas RARα and γ, as well as retinoid X receptors, appear to be variably expressed in both normal and tumour cells. It is also interesting to note that basal and RA-induced RARβ mRNA levels tend to increase with senescence of normal cells. This information provides further support for the hypothesis that genetic events involved in cellular senescence may also play a significant role in tumour suppression in humans. The aim of this review is to clarify whether expression of RARβ could be modulated by chemopreventive intervention and may therefore serve as an intermediate biomarker in chemoprevention trials for some cancers.
Keywords: Retinoic acid, RARβ, chemoprevention, senescence, differentiation, epigenetics, retinoids, HL-60 cells
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta as a Tool in Chemoprevention Trials
Volume: 13 Issue: 29
Author(s): B. Pavan, C. Biondi and A. Dalpiaz
Affiliation:
Keywords: Retinoic acid, RARβ, chemoprevention, senescence, differentiation, epigenetics, retinoids, HL-60 cells
Abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) and its natural and synthetic derivatives (retinoids) are important dietary factors which regulate cellular differentiation and growth, so that they are thought to be particularly effective at preventing the development of several tumours. They play this role as ligands of the RAR and RXR nuclear retinoic acid receptors, including the RA receptor isoforms alpha, beta, and gamma. These ligand-activated nuclear receptors induce the transcription of target genes by binding to RA-responsive elements in the promoter regions. Among these target genes, the RARβ gene is of great interest, being able to encode a potential tumour suppressor. It should be emphasized that most breast carcinomas and breast cancer cell lines show loss or down-regulation of RARβreceptor expression, whereas RARα and γ, as well as retinoid X receptors, appear to be variably expressed in both normal and tumour cells. It is also interesting to note that basal and RA-induced RARβ mRNA levels tend to increase with senescence of normal cells. This information provides further support for the hypothesis that genetic events involved in cellular senescence may also play a significant role in tumour suppression in humans. The aim of this review is to clarify whether expression of RARβ could be modulated by chemopreventive intervention and may therefore serve as an intermediate biomarker in chemoprevention trials for some cancers.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pavan B., Biondi C. and Dalpiaz A., Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta as a Tool in Chemoprevention Trials, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706779026183
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706779026183 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Impact of Thrombopoietin on Clinical Practice
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial: (Thematic Issue Cancer Immunotherapy: Does an Increasing Arsenal of Tools Point to More Fruitful Avenues for Research?)
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery: A Special Emphasis on Polymeric Nanoparticles
Protein & Peptide Letters Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Nanomaterial in Drug Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Markers of Angiogenesis and Metastasis in Lines of Oral Carcinoma after Treatment with Melatonin
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry PET-MRI Based Molecular Imaging as a Response Marker in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) Commentary Research Highlights: Adaptive PTEN Loss Enhances the Outgrowth of Brain Metastatic Tumour Cells
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Effect of Lipoic Acid on Macro and Trace Metal Levels in Living Tissues Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Research Highlight: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Based Nanotechnology
Micro and Nanosystems New Vascular Disrupting Agents in Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Drug Discovery: New Chemical Genetic Approaches
Current Drug Discovery Technologies The Role of Cytokines in Interactions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Breast Cancer Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Intracellular Proton Pumps as Targets in Chemotherapy: V-ATPases and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Amyloidosis and Auto-Inflammatory Syndromes
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease (APE1): An Emerging Anti-Cancer Biomarker
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Gedunin, A Neem Limonoid in Combination with Epalrestat Inhibits Cancer Hallmarks by Attenuating Aldose Reductase-Driven Oncogenic Signaling in SCC131 Oral Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Pharmacogenetics in Oncology: the Paradigm of Molecular Targeted Therapies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vascular Targeting: A New Antitumor Activity
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Open Label Study
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy An Overview of Targeting Legumain for Inhibiting Cancers
Current Pharmaceutical Design