Abstract
The mucosal immune system is equipped with unique innate and acquired defense mechanisms which provide a first line of protection against ingested and inhaled infectious agents. Peyers patches (PPs) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) have been shown to be important inductive sites for the initiation of the acquired phase of antigen- specific immune responses. In addition, the mucosal innate immune system acts as both a physical and an immunological boundary, playing a key role in the sensing and eliminating of pathogens and in the creating of symbiosis. The mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelium acts as a first physical and biochemical barrier. An additional layer of physical protection against microorganisms is provided by a tightly interlaced cell-to-cell network of epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Various antimicrobial peptides produced by the epithelium and secreted into the mucosal lumen can directly kill the invading pathogenic bacteria. Finally, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associated with the mucosal compartment have been shown to recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of a variety of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. Therefore, a greater understanding of the immunological progression from mucosal innate to acquired immune systems should facilitate the development of new generation of mucosal vaccines to prevent and control infectious diseases.
Keywords: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), nucleotide oligomerization domain family (NODs), PAMPs recognition, TRAF-family, TLR signaling
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Innate Immunity in the Mucosal Immune System
Volume: 12 Issue: 32
Author(s): Tomonori Nochi and Hiroshi Kiyono
Affiliation:
Keywords: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), nucleotide oligomerization domain family (NODs), PAMPs recognition, TRAF-family, TLR signaling
Abstract: The mucosal immune system is equipped with unique innate and acquired defense mechanisms which provide a first line of protection against ingested and inhaled infectious agents. Peyers patches (PPs) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) have been shown to be important inductive sites for the initiation of the acquired phase of antigen- specific immune responses. In addition, the mucosal innate immune system acts as both a physical and an immunological boundary, playing a key role in the sensing and eliminating of pathogens and in the creating of symbiosis. The mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelium acts as a first physical and biochemical barrier. An additional layer of physical protection against microorganisms is provided by a tightly interlaced cell-to-cell network of epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Various antimicrobial peptides produced by the epithelium and secreted into the mucosal lumen can directly kill the invading pathogenic bacteria. Finally, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associated with the mucosal compartment have been shown to recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of a variety of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. Therefore, a greater understanding of the immunological progression from mucosal innate to acquired immune systems should facilitate the development of new generation of mucosal vaccines to prevent and control infectious diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nochi Tomonori and Kiyono Hiroshi, Innate Immunity in the Mucosal Immune System, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743457
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743457 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Translational Insight Into Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) From Female Monkeys with PCOS-like Traits
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Potential of Poncirin Against Numerous Human Health Complications: Medicinal Uses and Therapeutic Benefit of an Active Principle of Citrus Species
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Metal Induced Conformational Changes in Human Insulin: Crystal Structures of Sr2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ Complexes of Human Insulin
Protein & Peptide Letters Strategies to Design Inhibitors of Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxins
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets The Role of MicroRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis, Metastasis and Resistant Cases in Breast Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genetics of Serotonin Receptors and Depression: State of the Art
Current Drug Targets Opportunities for Nano-Formulations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatments
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Recent Patents Review on Intranasal Administration for CNS Drug Delivery
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Thyroid Hormones Crosstalk with Growth Factors: Old Facts and New Hypotheses
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Vanillic Acid and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Focus on AMPK in Adipose and Liver Tissues
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Perspective on Clinical Islet Transplantation: Past, Present and Developments for Future
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Strategies that Target Tight Junctions for Enhanced Drug Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design L-carnitine: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategy for Sepsis Management
Current Medicinal Chemistry Evaluation of Current Pharmacological Treatment Options in the Management of Rett Syndrome: From the Present to Future Therapeutic Alternatives.
Current Clinical Pharmacology A Potent Inhibitor of Steroid Sulfatase (EM-1913) Blocks Tumor Growth in Nude Mice (MCF-7 Xenograft)
Current Enzyme Inhibition Gene Transfer to Sperm and Testis: Future Prospects of Gene Therapy for Male Infertility
Current Gene Therapy Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hyperglycemia-Related Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Potential Beneficial Actions of Melatonin
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Antidiabetic Effect of Polyphenolic Extracts from Selected Edible Plants as α-Amylase, α -Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibitors, and β Pancreatic Cells Cytoprotective Agents - A Comparative Study
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs): Attempts for Sustainable Medicine?
Current Medicinal Chemistry