Abstract
Gangliosides are glycolipids that contain sialic acid and they are mainly located on the outer leaflet of the cellular plasma membrane of most vertebrate and some invertebrate cells. Because they have structurally diverse, bulky and negatively charged oligosaccharide moieties, gangliosides endow cell membranes with unique molecular characteristics. Although they are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), the complete loss of gangliosides in mice does not result in gross morphological abnormalities of the CNS. However, mutant mice develop neurodegenerative diseases and die soon after birth, suggesting that gangliosides are required for the maintenance and development of a stable CNS and are crucial to sustain life. At the cellular level, gangliosides influence cell growth and death, probably because they are involved in the lipid-mediated assembly of signaling molecules such as growth factor receptors or integrins on the membranes. This article addresses the structural similarity between the tandem sialic acid residues of gangliosides and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) determined from biochemical data showing that gangliosides inhibit NAD+ glycohydrolase activity and theoretical considerations. An essential feature of the structural similarity resides in a negative charge cluster formed by the two carboxyl groups in the tandem sialic acid residues and the diphosphate moiety of NAD+. The potential physiological role(s) of gangliosides on the regulation of extracellular nucleotide metabolism are discussed.
Keywords: extracellular nucleotide metabolism, CD38, NAD+, sialic acid, glycolipids, Gangliosides
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Gangliosides Potentially Inhibit Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism
Volume: 13 Issue: 19
Author(s): Miki Hara-Yokoyama
Affiliation:
Keywords: extracellular nucleotide metabolism, CD38, NAD+, sialic acid, glycolipids, Gangliosides
Abstract: Gangliosides are glycolipids that contain sialic acid and they are mainly located on the outer leaflet of the cellular plasma membrane of most vertebrate and some invertebrate cells. Because they have structurally diverse, bulky and negatively charged oligosaccharide moieties, gangliosides endow cell membranes with unique molecular characteristics. Although they are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), the complete loss of gangliosides in mice does not result in gross morphological abnormalities of the CNS. However, mutant mice develop neurodegenerative diseases and die soon after birth, suggesting that gangliosides are required for the maintenance and development of a stable CNS and are crucial to sustain life. At the cellular level, gangliosides influence cell growth and death, probably because they are involved in the lipid-mediated assembly of signaling molecules such as growth factor receptors or integrins on the membranes. This article addresses the structural similarity between the tandem sialic acid residues of gangliosides and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) determined from biochemical data showing that gangliosides inhibit NAD+ glycohydrolase activity and theoretical considerations. An essential feature of the structural similarity resides in a negative charge cluster formed by the two carboxyl groups in the tandem sialic acid residues and the diphosphate moiety of NAD+. The potential physiological role(s) of gangliosides on the regulation of extracellular nucleotide metabolism are discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hara-Yokoyama Miki, Gangliosides Potentially Inhibit Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777935177
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777935177 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Bone Marrow Derived Cells for Brain Repair: Recent Findings and Current Controversies
Current Molecular Medicine Paullones as Inhibitors of Protein Kinases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics for Alzheimers Prevention and Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structure-Activity Relationship of Nuclear Receptor-Ligand Interactions
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Aquaporins and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Emerging Use of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-NO-system Relation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Old Strategies and New Perspectives in Modulating the Endocannabinoid System
Current Bioactive Compounds Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase: New Targets for Future Antidepressants
Current Neuropharmacology Variability in the Effects of Nicotine on Different Regions of the Brain: Changes in the Concentration of Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Key Role of Mitochondria in Alzheimer’s Disease Synaptic Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Thiol Proteases: Inhibitors and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Promises to Cure Cancer and Other Genetic Diseases/Disorders: Epi-drugs Through Epigenetics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Probable Novel PSEN1 Gln222Leu Mutation in a Chinese Family with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Mediators of Neural Differentiation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Association between Regular Cannabis Exposure and Alterations of Human Brain Morphology: An Updated Review of the Literature
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Use of Antibody Engineering to Create Novel Drugs that Target N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors
Current Drug Targets Ibogaine in the Treatment of Substance Dependence
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Cannabinoids: Novel Medicines for the Treatment of Huntingtons Disease
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Does Pharmacological Therapy Still Play a Role in Preventing Sudden Death in Surgically Treated Tetralogy of Fallot?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry