Abstract
Orexins were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior due to their exclusively production in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), a feeding center. Subsequently, the finding that orexin deficiency causes narcolepsy in humans and animals suggested that these hypothalamic neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating and maintaining sleep/wakefulness states. Proper maintenance of arousal during food searching and intake is essential for an animals survival. Therefore, feeding behavior and sleep/wakefulness states are appropriately coordinated. For example, when faced with reduced food availability, animals adapt with a longer wakefulness period, which disrupts the normal circadian pattern of activity. The discovery that orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin and glucose, suggests that they might have important roles as a link between energy homeostasis and sleep/wakefulness states. Recent studies on afferent (input) systems of orexin neurons further suggest roles of orexin and orexin receptors in the coordination of feeding, arousal and emotion.
Keywords: Amygdala, REM-sleep, body mass index, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), wakefulness, Ventromedial hypothalamus
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title: Roles of Orexins and Orexin Receptors in Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior and Energy Homeostasis
Volume: 5 Issue: 3
Author(s): Takeshi Sakurai
Affiliation:
Keywords: Amygdala, REM-sleep, body mass index, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), wakefulness, Ventromedial hypothalamus
Abstract: Orexins were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior due to their exclusively production in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), a feeding center. Subsequently, the finding that orexin deficiency causes narcolepsy in humans and animals suggested that these hypothalamic neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating and maintaining sleep/wakefulness states. Proper maintenance of arousal during food searching and intake is essential for an animals survival. Therefore, feeding behavior and sleep/wakefulness states are appropriately coordinated. For example, when faced with reduced food availability, animals adapt with a longer wakefulness period, which disrupts the normal circadian pattern of activity. The discovery that orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin and glucose, suggests that they might have important roles as a link between energy homeostasis and sleep/wakefulness states. Recent studies on afferent (input) systems of orexin neurons further suggest roles of orexin and orexin receptors in the coordination of feeding, arousal and emotion.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sakurai Takeshi, Roles of Orexins and Orexin Receptors in Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior and Energy Homeostasis, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2006; 5 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152706777452218
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152706777452218 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Cell Cycle Dependent Regulation of Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Potential Target for Drug Therapy
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders New Anti-Thrombotic Drugs for Stroke Prevention
Current Vascular Pharmacology New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Aspirin in the Prevention of Colorectal Neoplasia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Induced Adaptive Resistance to Nitrooxidative Stress in the CNS: Therapeutic Implications
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Autonomic Indices - Implications of Sex-Specific Risk Stratification in Women After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Calpains: Attractive Targets for the Development of Synthetic Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Proton Ion-Microbeam Elemental Analysis for Inhaled Particle-Induced Pulmonary Diseases: Application for Diagnosis and Assessment of Progression
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antiangiogenic Therapeutic Approaches in Multiple Myeloma
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Therapeutic Potential of Rutin for Diabetes: An Update
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Molecular Targets, and Antitumor Activities of Substituted Tetrahydro-1- Oxopyrano[4,3-b][1]Benzopyrans and Nanogels for Drug Delivery
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Quercetin Glycosides as Potent Anti-MRSA and Anti-VRE Agents
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Coronary Syndrome: Ready for Prime Time?
Current Vascular Pharmacology TRPM6 and TRPM7: A Mul-TRP-PLIK-Cation of Channel Functions
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Increased Severity of Acute Cerebral Ischemic Injury Correlates with Enhanced Stem Cell Induction as well as with Predictive Behavioral Profiling
Current Neurovascular Research Vitamin D Analogs as Anti-Carcinogenic Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Oxidative RNA Damage and Neurodegeneration
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Review of Pharmacological Treatment Options for Lung Cancer: Emphasis on Novel Nanotherapeutics and Associated Toxicity
Current Drug Targets Dopamine Receptor Interacting Proteins: Targeting Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1/D2 Dopamine Receptor Interaction for Antipsychotic Drug Development
Current Drug Targets Early Growth Response-1 (EGR-1) – A Key player in Myocardial Cell Injury
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry L-Arginine Modulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes
Current Protein & Peptide Science