Abstract
Acting on a broad spectrum of extracellular, intracellular, and membrane-associated substrates, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical to the biological processes of organisms; when aberrantly expressed, many pathological conditions may be born or exacerbated. The prospect of MMP inhibition for therapeutic benefit in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke is reviewed here. MMP inhibitor (MMPI) development constitutes an important branch of research in both academic and industrial settings and advances our knowledge on the structure-function relationship of MMPs. Targeting MMPs in disease treatment is complicated by the fact that MMPs are indispensable for normal development and physiology and by their multi-functionality, possible functional redundancy or contradiction, and context-dependent expression and activity. This complexity was revealed by previous efforts to inhibit MMP activity in the treatment of cancer patients that yielded unsatisfactory results. This review focuses on MMPI development since the late 90s, in terms of natural products and their derivatives, and synthetic compounds of low molecular mass incorporating specific zinc-binding groups (ZBGs). A few polyphenols and flavonoids that exhibit MMPI activities may have chemopreventive and neuro- and cardiovascular-protective effects. A new generation of potent and selective MMPIs with novel ZBGs and inhibition mechanisms have been designed, synthesized, and tested. Although only one collagenase inhibitor (Periostat, doxycycline hyclate) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a drug for the treatment of periodontal disease, new hope is emerging in the form of natural and synthetic MMPIs for the prevention and treatment of stroke, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other medical conditions.
Keywords: MMP-14 overexpression, tumorigenesis, Stroke, Long chain fatty acids, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Flavonoids
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Prospective Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neoplastic Diseases
Volume: 6 Issue: 4
Author(s): Qing-Xiang A. Sang, Yonghao Jin, Robert G. Newcomer, Sara C. Monroe, Xuexun Fang, Douglas R. Hurst, Seakwoo Lee, Qiang Cao and Martin A. Schwartz
Affiliation:
Keywords: MMP-14 overexpression, tumorigenesis, Stroke, Long chain fatty acids, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Flavonoids
Abstract: Acting on a broad spectrum of extracellular, intracellular, and membrane-associated substrates, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical to the biological processes of organisms; when aberrantly expressed, many pathological conditions may be born or exacerbated. The prospect of MMP inhibition for therapeutic benefit in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke is reviewed here. MMP inhibitor (MMPI) development constitutes an important branch of research in both academic and industrial settings and advances our knowledge on the structure-function relationship of MMPs. Targeting MMPs in disease treatment is complicated by the fact that MMPs are indispensable for normal development and physiology and by their multi-functionality, possible functional redundancy or contradiction, and context-dependent expression and activity. This complexity was revealed by previous efforts to inhibit MMP activity in the treatment of cancer patients that yielded unsatisfactory results. This review focuses on MMPI development since the late 90s, in terms of natural products and their derivatives, and synthetic compounds of low molecular mass incorporating specific zinc-binding groups (ZBGs). A few polyphenols and flavonoids that exhibit MMPI activities may have chemopreventive and neuro- and cardiovascular-protective effects. A new generation of potent and selective MMPIs with novel ZBGs and inhibition mechanisms have been designed, synthesized, and tested. Although only one collagenase inhibitor (Periostat, doxycycline hyclate) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a drug for the treatment of periodontal disease, new hope is emerging in the form of natural and synthetic MMPIs for the prevention and treatment of stroke, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other medical conditions.
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Cite this article as:
Sang A. Qing-Xiang, Jin Yonghao, Newcomer G. Robert, Monroe C. Sara, Fang Xuexun, Hurst R. Douglas, Lee Seakwoo, Cao Qiang and Schwartz A. Martin, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Prospective Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neoplastic Diseases, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 6 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802606776287045
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802606776287045 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
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