Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases) are enzymes which catalyze the cross linking of a glutaminyl residue of a protein/peptide substrate to a lysyl residue of a protein/peptide co-substrate with the formation of an N-gamma-(epsilon- L-glutamyl)-L-lysine [GGEL] cross link (isopeptidic bond) and the concomitant release of ammonia. Such cross-linked proteins are often highly insoluble. The TGases are closely related enzymes and can also catalyze other important reactions for cell life. Recently, several findings concerning the relationships between the biochemical activities of the TGases and the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for some human diseases, have been reported. For example, some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers disease (AD), Huntingtons disease (HD), Parkinson ’ s disease (PD), supranuclear palsy, etc., are characterized in part by aberrant cerebral TGase activity and by increased cross-linked proteins in affected brains. Our article describes the biochemistry and the physio-pathological roles of the TGase enzymes, with particular reference to human pathologies in which the molecular mechanism of disease can be due to biochemical activities of the tissue TGase enzyme (tTGase, type 2), such as in a very common human disease, Celiac Disease (CD), and also in certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
Keywords: Transglutaminases, post-translational modifications of proteins, celiac disease, neurodegenerative diseases, enzyme inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Reactions Responsible for the Pathogenesis ofCeliac Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Basic Biochemistry to Clinic
Volume: 13 Issue: 16
Author(s): A. Martin, G. Romito, I. Pepe, G. De Vivo, M. R. Merola, A. Limatola and V. Gentile
Affiliation:
Keywords: Transglutaminases, post-translational modifications of proteins, celiac disease, neurodegenerative diseases, enzyme inhibitors
Abstract: Transglutaminases (TGases) are enzymes which catalyze the cross linking of a glutaminyl residue of a protein/peptide substrate to a lysyl residue of a protein/peptide co-substrate with the formation of an N-gamma-(epsilon- L-glutamyl)-L-lysine [GGEL] cross link (isopeptidic bond) and the concomitant release of ammonia. Such cross-linked proteins are often highly insoluble. The TGases are closely related enzymes and can also catalyze other important reactions for cell life. Recently, several findings concerning the relationships between the biochemical activities of the TGases and the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for some human diseases, have been reported. For example, some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers disease (AD), Huntingtons disease (HD), Parkinson ’ s disease (PD), supranuclear palsy, etc., are characterized in part by aberrant cerebral TGase activity and by increased cross-linked proteins in affected brains. Our article describes the biochemistry and the physio-pathological roles of the TGase enzymes, with particular reference to human pathologies in which the molecular mechanism of disease can be due to biochemical activities of the tissue TGase enzyme (tTGase, type 2), such as in a very common human disease, Celiac Disease (CD), and also in certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Martin A., Romito G., Pepe I., De Vivo G., Merola R. M., Limatola A. and Gentile V., Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Reactions Responsible for the Pathogenesis ofCeliac Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Basic Biochemistry to Clinic, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777585068
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777585068 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress in the Causation of Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Diabetes Reviews The Multimodal Treatment of Acromegaly: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Drug Targets in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Virus and other Coronavirus Infections
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Re-Wiring the Circuit: Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target in Liver Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cell Cycle Inhibition in Malignant Lymphoma: Disease Control by Attacking the Cellular Proliferation Machinery
Current Drug Targets Interrelated Roles for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in the Immune Response to Infection
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Contrast Media in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cellular Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: Experimental and Clinical Perspectives
Current Medicinal Chemistry Mouse Models of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Review on Defects of Dendritic Cells in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Current Strategies and Future Perspective for the Effective Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Drug Therapy Chronic Pain: Cytokines, Lymphocytes and Chemokines
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Infective Proteins: The Prion Puzzle
Current Protein & Peptide Science Photoprotective Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Their Role in AMD
Current Nutrition & Food Science Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Agents of Immunomodulation and Neuroprotection
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Molecular Pathogenesis of Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Current Cancer Drug Targets B Lymphocytes, Potent Antigen Presenting Cells for Preferential Expansion of Allo-Reactive FoxP3+ CD4 Regulatory T Cells
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Fe-S Proteins Acting as Redox Switch: New Key Actors of Cellular Adaptive Responses
Current Chemical Biology Viral Envelope Membrane: A Special Entry Pathway and a Promising Drug Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry Glioma Therapy: A Novel Insight in the Immunotherapeutic Regime with T11TS/SLFA-3
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry