Generic placeholder image

Anti-Infective Agents

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-3525
ISSN (Online): 2211-3533

Research Article

Hemolysis, Platelet Aggregation and Antibacterial Activities of Human Antiphospholipid Antibody

Author(s): Farzaneh Ahmadi Shapoorabadi, Maryam Sadat Mirbagheri Firoozabad*, Neda Habibi and Giti Emtiazi

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2020

Page: [268 - 274] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/2211352517666190613111628

Abstract

Background: Anti-phospholipid antibodies have the potential to become an alternative to conventional antibiotics for humans. The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease where the body’s defense system incorrectly reacts against its own phospholipids. APS is distinct through the existence of venous and arterial thromboses, frequently multiple and recurring fetal losses, commonly accompanied by moderate thrombocytopenia. Anti-phospholipid antibodies include lupus anti-coagulant, anti- cardiolipin, anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1, and anti-prothrombin antibodies.

Methods: In this study, the mechanism of action of Anti-phospholipid antibodies against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in great detail using a unique combination of imaging and biophysical techniques. Antibacterial activity of antiphospholipid antibodies was detected by a diffusion method and the investigation of the complexity of antibody-antigen was done by spectroscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging.

Results: There was a profound change in the bacteria treated with healthy and patient serum in the optical microscopic study. In all of the studied fields, bacterial treatment with patient serum immediately induced bacterial swelling and cumulative accumulation of the bacteria while no changes were observed in the healthy serum. Anti-bacterial activities of patient serum were detected on the plate. The result of this study showed that after platelet activation by thrombin and incubation with antiphospholipid antibodies, the platelet was aggregated. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed that the cell wall of Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus incubated with antiphospholipid had a bizarre shape and antiphospholipid antibodies bound to bacterial membranes.

Conclusion: The data indicated that antiphospholipid antibodies with hemolysis activities have an effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria and these antibodies have the potential to become antibiotic for human.

Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune disease, electron force microscopy, bacteria, platelet, transmission electron microscopy.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Abu-Zeinah, G.; Oromendia, C.; DeSancho, M.T. Thrombotic risk factors in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a single center experience. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis, 2019, 48(2), 233-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11239-019-01836-7] [PMID: 30835035]
[2]
Miyakis, S.; Lockshin, M.D.; Atsumi, T.; Branch, D.W.; Brey, R.L.; Cervera, R.; Derksen, R.H.; Groot, D.E.P.G.; Koike, T.; Meroni, P.L.; Reber, G.; Shoenfeld, Y.; Tincani, A.; Vlachoyiannopoulos, P.G.; Krilis, S.A. International consensus statement on an update of the classi-fication criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J. Thromb. Haemost., 2006, 4(2), 295-306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x] [PMID: 16420554]
[3]
Chamley, L.W. Antiphospholipid antibodies: biological basis and prospects for treatment. J. Reprod. Immunol., 2002, 57(1-2), 185-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0378(02)00041-4] [PMID: 12385842]
[4]
Castillo-Martínez, D.; Rivera, V.; Mouneu-Ornelas, N.; Martínez-Martínez, L.A.; Jiménez-Rojas, V.; Márquez-Velasco, R.; Amezcua-Guerra, L.M. Levels of anti-Müllerian hormone in premenopausal women with the antiphospholipid syndrome and its association with the risk of clinical complications. Lupus, 2019, 28(3), 427-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203319828507] [PMID: 30717622]
[5]
Lim, W. Prevention of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. Hematology (Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program), 2016, 2016(1), 707-713.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.707] [PMID: 27913550]
[6]
Lee, C.J.; De Biasio, A.; Beglova, N. Mode of interaction between beta2GPI and lipoprotein receptors suggests mutually exclusive binding of beta2GPI to the receptors and anionic phospholipids. Structure, 2010, 18(3), 366-376.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2009.12.013] [PMID: 20223219]
[7]
Chamley, L.W.; Duncalf, A.M.; Konarkowska, B.; Mitchell, M.D.; Johnson, P.M. Conformationally altered beta 2-glycoprotein I is the antigen for anti-cardiolipin autoantibodies. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1999, 115(3), 571-576.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00810.x] [PMID: 10193436]
[8]
De latt, PG.; Derksen, RH.; Urbanus, RT.; Roest, M.; Association beetween beta2-glycoprotein I plasma levels and the risk of my cradial information in older men. Blood, 2009, 114, 3656-3661.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-03-212910] [PMID: 19706887]
[9]
Vanhoorelbeke, K.; Ulrichts, H.; Van de Walle, G.; Fontayne, A.; Deckmyn, H. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein Ib and its antithrombotic potential. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2007, 13(26), 2684-2697.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781662867] [PMID: 17897012]
[10]
Satta, N.; Kruithof, E.K.; Fickentscher, C.; Dunoyer-Geindre, S.; Boehlen, F.; Reber, G.; Burger, D.; de Moerloose, P. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates the activation of human monocytes and endothelial cells by antiphospholipid antibodies. Blood, 2011, 117(20), 5523-5531.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-11-316158] [PMID: 21330474]
[11]
Brandt, K.J.; Kruithof, E.K.; de Moerloose, P. Receptors involved in cell activation by antiphospholipid antibodies. Thromb. Res., 2013, 132(4), 408-413.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2013.08.015] [PMID: 24054056]
[12]
Wan, J.; Imadojemu, S.; Werth, V.P. Management of rheumatic and autoimmune blistering disease in pregnancy and postpartum. Clin. Dermatol., 2016, 34(3), 344-352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.006] [PMID: 27265072]
[13]
Castanon, A.; Pierre, G.; Willis, R.; Harris, E.N.; Papalardo, E.; Romay-Penabad, Z.; Schleh, A.; Jajoria, P.; Smikle, M.; DeCeulaer, K.; Tebo, A.; Jaskowski, T.; Guerra, M.M.; Branch, D.W.; Salmon, J.E.; Petri, M.; Gonzalez, E.B. Performance Evaluation and Clinical Associations of Immunoassays That Detect Antibodies to Negatively Charged Phospholipids Other Than Cardiolipin. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 2018, 149(5), 401-411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqy003] [PMID: 29547897]
[14]
Schneider, VF.; Coorens, M.; Ordonez, SR.; Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven, LM.; Posthuma, G.; van Dijk, A.; Haagsman, HP Veldhuizen EJA Imaging the antimicrobial mechanism(s) of cathelicidin-2 Nature scientific Reports, 2016, 6, 1-11.
[15]
Payne, D.J.; Gwynn, M.N.; Holmes, D.J.; Pompliano, D.L. Drugs for bad bugs: confronting the challenges of antibacterial discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2007, 6(1), 29-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd2201] [PMID: 17159923]
[16]
Nguyenl, T.; Medvedev, N.; Delcea, M.; Greinacher, A. Anti-platelet factor 4/polyanion antibodies mediate a new mechanism of autoimmunity. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8, 145-149.
[17]
Rauova, L.; Zhai, L.; Kowalska, M.A.; Arepally, G.M.; Cines, D.B.; Poncz, M. Role of platelet surface PF4 antigenic complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia pathogenesis: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood, 2006, 107(6), 2346-2353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-08-3122] [PMID: 16304054]
[18]
Taatjes, D.J.; Bouffard, N.; von Turkovich, M.; Quinn, A.S.; Wu, X.X.; Vasovic, L.V.; Rand, J.H. Visualization of macro-immune complexes in the antiphospholipid syndrome by multi-modal microscopy imaging. Micron, 2017, 100, 23-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2017.04.005] [PMID: 28463750]

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy