Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be mediated through increases in the cardiovascular risk factors. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also called glycated hemoglobin is presently used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. It has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. This review deals with its synthesis and effects on the cardiovascular system. The serum levels of HbA1c have been reported to be affected by various factors including, the lifespan of erythrocytes, factors affecting erythropoiesis, agents interfering glycation of Hb, destruction of erythrocytes, drugs that shift the formation of Hb, statins, and drugs interfering the HbA1c assay. Levels of HbA1c are positively correlated with serum glucose and advanced glycation end products ( AGE), but no correlation between AGE and serum glucose. AGE cannot replace HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes because there is no correlation of AGE with serum glucose, and because the half-life of protein with which glucose combines is only 14-20 days as compared to erythrocytes which have a half-life of 90-120 days. HbA1c is positively associated with CVD such as the carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and hypertension.HbA1c induces dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension, and increases C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity that would contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, HbA1c serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. AGE cannot replace HbA1c in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. There is an association of HbA1c with CVD which be mediated through modulation of CVD risk factors.
Keywords: Advanced glycation end products, HbA1c, diagnostic marker, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Does HbA1cc Play a Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases?
Volume: 24 Issue: 24
Author(s): Kailash Prasad*
Affiliation:
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,Canada
Keywords: Advanced glycation end products, HbA1c, diagnostic marker, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be mediated through increases in the cardiovascular risk factors. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also called glycated hemoglobin is presently used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. It has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. This review deals with its synthesis and effects on the cardiovascular system. The serum levels of HbA1c have been reported to be affected by various factors including, the lifespan of erythrocytes, factors affecting erythropoiesis, agents interfering glycation of Hb, destruction of erythrocytes, drugs that shift the formation of Hb, statins, and drugs interfering the HbA1c assay. Levels of HbA1c are positively correlated with serum glucose and advanced glycation end products ( AGE), but no correlation between AGE and serum glucose. AGE cannot replace HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes because there is no correlation of AGE with serum glucose, and because the half-life of protein with which glucose combines is only 14-20 days as compared to erythrocytes which have a half-life of 90-120 days. HbA1c is positively associated with CVD such as the carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and hypertension.HbA1c induces dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension, and increases C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity that would contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, HbA1c serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. AGE cannot replace HbA1c in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. There is an association of HbA1c with CVD which be mediated through modulation of CVD risk factors.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Prasad Kailash*, Does HbA1cc Play a Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180903121957
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180903121957 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Effect of Psychological Stress and Social Isolation on Neuroimmunoendocrine Communication
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vasopressin in Health and Disease with a Focus on Affective Disorders
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Stress and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy in Asymptomatic Patients: A Neglected Diagnosis
Current Hypertension Reviews Illuminating microRNA Transcription from the Epigenome
Current Genomics ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters A1 and G1, HDL Metabolism, Cholesterol Efflux, and Inflammation: Important Targets for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets Treatment of Foot Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Response and Correction of Immunological Anomalies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vascular and Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Targets for Cardioprotection
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pleiotropic Effects of Statin in Therapy in Heart Failure: A Review
Current Vascular Pharmacology Gender Related Issues in the Management of Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Balancing the Risks of Thrombosis and Bleeding Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Current State-of-Evidence
Current Pharmaceutical Design Coronary Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lifestyle Factors and Endothelial Function
Current Vascular Pharmacology Structure-Based Virtual Ligand Screening: Recent Success Stories
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Advancement in Microsponge Drug Delivery System: Preparation Methods, Patents and Commercial Utility
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Phytochemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis of the Fatty Acids and Sterol Compounds of Seven Pharmaceutical valuable Seeds
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Family Psychoeducation in Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Psychosis
Adolescent Psychiatry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Advances in The Therapy of Atrial Fibrillation: Incrementally Progressive But Not Without Missteps)
Current Cardiology Reviews Effects of Imidazolic Agonism on Blood Pressure, Sympathetic Activity, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance
Current Hypertension Reviews Recent Advances in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Mediated Regeneration
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine