Title:Alpha Adducin (ADD1) Gene Polymorphism and New Onset of Diabetes Under the Influence of Selective Antihypertensive Therapy in Essential Hypertension
VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 2
Author(s):Sumeet Gupta*, Vikas Jhawat, Bimal Kumar Agarwal, Partha Roy and Vipin Saini
Affiliation:Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G . D Goenka, Gurugram, Haryana, Department of Medicine, M. M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, M. M. Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pardesh
Keywords:Hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, diuretics, new onset of diabetes alpha adducing gene (ADD1), gene polymorphism,
pharmacogenomics.
Abstract:
Background: Different antihypertensive therapies (especially diuretics) are reported to
induce the new onset of diabetes in some hypertensive patients. α-adducin-1 (ADD1) gene is salt
sensitive gene which has its role in etiology of hypertension via salt sensitivity. Therefore, the
G460T polymorphism of ADD1 gene may be associated with new onset of diabetes under the influence
of diuretic and other antihypertensive therapies.
Aim: To assess the correlation between genetic polymorphism (ADD1 G460T polymorphism) and
glycaemic disturbance under influence of diuretic and other antihypertensive drug therapies.
Materials and Methods: We recruited study subjects, 270 normotensive as control (150 male and
120 females), 270 hypertensive patients (95 male and 175 females) and 240 hypertensive with new
onset of diabetes patients (80 male and 160 females). All study samples were genotyped for ADD1
polymorphic alleles and analyzed the relationship between different genotypes with respect to anthropometric
and clinical parameters along with drug therapies.
Results: Clinical and anthropometric parameters (such as age, SBP, DBP, FBG, height, weight,
WC, HP, W/H ratio, and BMI) of study population were found highly statistically significant
(p<0.05) at base value. Further, genotype wise comparison of all the above parameters revealed
most of them as non-significant (p>0.05). Whereas, comparison between genotype and different
antihypertensive drug therapy of hypertensive patients, specifically, diuretic therapy as mono in
male (p=0.0227) and female (p=0.0292) and in combination with BBs in both male (p=0.0023) and
female (p=0.0079) revealed a higher FBG level in variant T allele. In case of hypertensive with new
onset of diabetes patients, only female population showed a slightly statistically significant
(p=0.0413) difference in FBG level with diuretic mono therapy. Other antihypertensive drug therapies
were safe and effective either as mono or in combination therapy.
Discussion: Anthropometric parameters may be the indicative factors for hypertension and diabetes.
Variant T allele of ADD1 gene may be considered as the risk factor for the development of
diabetes in hypertensive patients. Diuretics as mono therapy and in combination with BBs may be
considered as the risk factor for new onset of diabetes in EH patients carrying variant T allele (either
as TG or TT).
