Abstract
Background: Studies have shown select associations between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia, but mostly focused on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).
Objective: We enhance these works by evaluating the relationship between the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and the rate of cognitive decline, measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SUM) on four common dementia subtypes (AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD), as well as non-demented elderly individuals (normal)).
Method: We used generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts to account for correlation at the patient and center levels for each dementia subtype adjusting for time since initial visit, baseline cognitive score, age, and demographic factors. The cardiovascular risk factors evaluated included body mass index, diabetes, years of smoking, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
Results: Patients diagnosed with AD (n=1899), DLB (n=65), FTD (n=168), or VaD (n=13); or lacked cognitive impairment (normal) (n=3583) were evaluated using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers. Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with select dementia subtypes including AD and FTD. Using MMSE and CDR-SUM, recent or active hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were associated with a slower cognitive decline for AD patients, while higher body mass index and years of smoking were associated with a slower cognitive decline for FTD patients. However, several cardiovascular factors demonstrated associations with more rapid cognitive decline.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate disease specific associations and can provide clinicians guidance on predicted cognitive changes at the group level using information about cardiovascular risk factors.
Keywords: Alzheimer`s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, neuropsychological tests, vascular risk factors, body mass index.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Impact of the Presence of Select Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Cognitive Changes among Dementia Subtypes
Volume: 15 Issue: 11
Author(s): Katherine E. Irimata*, Brittany N. Dugger and Jeffrey R. Wilson
Affiliation:
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,United States
Keywords: Alzheimer`s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, neuropsychological tests, vascular risk factors, body mass index.
Abstract: Background: Studies have shown select associations between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia, but mostly focused on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).
Objective: We enhance these works by evaluating the relationship between the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and the rate of cognitive decline, measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SUM) on four common dementia subtypes (AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD), as well as non-demented elderly individuals (normal)).
Method: We used generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts to account for correlation at the patient and center levels for each dementia subtype adjusting for time since initial visit, baseline cognitive score, age, and demographic factors. The cardiovascular risk factors evaluated included body mass index, diabetes, years of smoking, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
Results: Patients diagnosed with AD (n=1899), DLB (n=65), FTD (n=168), or VaD (n=13); or lacked cognitive impairment (normal) (n=3583) were evaluated using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers. Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with select dementia subtypes including AD and FTD. Using MMSE and CDR-SUM, recent or active hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were associated with a slower cognitive decline for AD patients, while higher body mass index and years of smoking were associated with a slower cognitive decline for FTD patients. However, several cardiovascular factors demonstrated associations with more rapid cognitive decline.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate disease specific associations and can provide clinicians guidance on predicted cognitive changes at the group level using information about cardiovascular risk factors.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Irimata E. Katherine *, Dugger N. Brittany and Wilson R. Jeffrey , Impact of the Presence of Select Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Cognitive Changes among Dementia Subtypes, Current Alzheimer Research 2018; 15 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180702105119
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180702105119 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
New Avenue of Research: Antiepileptic Drug and Estradiol Neuroprotection in Epilepsy
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Statins: Are They All the Same?
Current Drug Therapy Synthesis and Evaluation of Substituted 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl Phenyl Carbamates as Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Anti- Amnestic Agents
Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Patent Literature Review
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Blue-Enriched Lighting for Older People Living in Care Homes: Effect on Activity, Actigraphic Sleep, Mood and Alertness
Current Alzheimer Research Drugs Made of RNA: Development and Application of Engineered RNAs for Gene Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Inflammatory Responses of Resveratrol
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) A Study of Tryptophan Metabolism via Serotonin in Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV-1 Infection Using a Neuroendoscopic Technique
Current HIV Research Renin-Angiotensin System: Role in Cerebrovascular, Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disease
Protein & Peptide Letters Disease-Modifying Therapies in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Current Medicinal Chemistry ACAT1 as a Therapeutic Target and its Genetic Relationship with Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research HMPAO-SPECT Can Discriminate between Patients with Subjective Cognitive Complaints with and without Cognitive Deficits and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Computational Investigation on Tyrosine to Alanine Mutations Delaying the Early Stage of α-Synuclein Aggregation
Current Proteomics Issues in Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review
Current Psychiatry Reviews The Renin-Angiotensin System: New Insight into Old Therapies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19
Current Traditional Medicine Review on Patents for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Inhibitor as Medical Advance in Major Human Diseases
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Management of COVID-19 very Elderly Patients in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: Description of a New Model and Experience in a Medicalized Nursing Home
Coronaviruses C-Reactive Protein: Interaction with the Vascular Endothelium and Possible Role in Human Atherosclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design