Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis and a common occurrence of comorbid diseases such as depression. It is accepted that the presence of the ε4 allele of the gene that encodes apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for the development of sporadic AD. Melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin are presumed to be risk factors or biomarkers for stress- and age-related disorders.
Objective: The interplay between the APOE genotype and plasma biomarkers was examined in patients with AD presenting with or without depression to contribute to understanding the interdependence of various molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of AD.
Method: The APOE genotype and morning plasma melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin concentrations were measured in 85 patients with AD and 44 elderly controls.
Results: A significant association between AD and the allele (ε4) or genotype (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) frequencies of APOE was confirmed. Plasma homocysteine and cortisol levels were significantly increased in patients with AD compared to those in controls, independent of the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms or the severity of dementia. Significantly lower plasma melatonin concentration was found in patients with AD but not in controls, who were noncarriers of the APOE ε4 allele, regardless of the presence of depression or the severity of dementia in AD.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate the existence of a little-known specific APOE-mediated mechanism that increases the plasma melatonin level in a subgroup of patients with AD who are carriers of the APOE ε4 allele.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E, cortisol, homocysteine, melatonin, prolactin.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Interplay between the APOE Genotype and Possible Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 15 Issue: 10
Author(s): Martina Zverova, Eva Kitzlerova, Zdenek Fisar*, Roman Jirak, Jana Hroudova, Hana Benakova, Petra Lelkova, Pavel Martasek and Jiri Raboch
Affiliation:
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague,Czech Republic
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E, cortisol, homocysteine, melatonin, prolactin.
Abstract: Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis and a common occurrence of comorbid diseases such as depression. It is accepted that the presence of the ε4 allele of the gene that encodes apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for the development of sporadic AD. Melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin are presumed to be risk factors or biomarkers for stress- and age-related disorders.
Objective: The interplay between the APOE genotype and plasma biomarkers was examined in patients with AD presenting with or without depression to contribute to understanding the interdependence of various molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of AD.
Method: The APOE genotype and morning plasma melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin concentrations were measured in 85 patients with AD and 44 elderly controls.
Results: A significant association between AD and the allele (ε4) or genotype (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) frequencies of APOE was confirmed. Plasma homocysteine and cortisol levels were significantly increased in patients with AD compared to those in controls, independent of the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms or the severity of dementia. Significantly lower plasma melatonin concentration was found in patients with AD but not in controls, who were noncarriers of the APOE ε4 allele, regardless of the presence of depression or the severity of dementia in AD.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate the existence of a little-known specific APOE-mediated mechanism that increases the plasma melatonin level in a subgroup of patients with AD who are carriers of the APOE ε4 allele.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zverova Martina , Kitzlerova Eva , Fisar Zdenek*, Jirak Roman , Hroudova Jana , Benakova Hana , Lelkova Petra , Martasek Pavel and Raboch Jiri, Interplay between the APOE Genotype and Possible Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2018; 15 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180601090533
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180601090533 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
New Anti-Thrombotic Drugs for Stroke Prevention
Current Vascular Pharmacology Can an Apple a Day Keep the Doctor Away?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dual Effects of Antioxidants in Neurodegeneration: Direct Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress and Indirect Protection via Suppression of Gliamediated Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multitarget Drugs of Plants Origin Acting on Alzheimer's Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Multivalent & Multifunctional Ligands to β-Amyloid
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Commentary on Neuronal Degeneration and Cell Death in Guam ALS and PD: An Evolutionary Process of Understanding
Current Alzheimer Research Adrenomedullin and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Damage and Metabolic Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Suppresses Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Aggregation in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy through Increasing Activity of PP2A
Current Alzheimer Research Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Studies of Parkinson's Disease: Challenges and Promises
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Proteasome Inhibition: A Promising Strategy for Treating Cancer, but What About Neurotoxicity?
Current Medicinal Chemistry On the Pathogenesis and Neuroprotective Treatment of Parkinson Disease: What have we Learned from the Genetic Forms of this Disease?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patented In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models in CNS Drug Discovery
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Targeting TNF-Alpha to Elucidate and Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Inflammatory Brain Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Mitochondria in Brain Aging and the Effects of Melatonin
Current Neuropharmacology Adiposity and Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Antiangiogenic Therapy and Ovarian Cancer
Current Women`s Health Reviews An Aβ Sequestration Approach Using Non-Antibody Aβ Binding Agents
Current Alzheimer Research Application of Resveratrol in Diabetes: Rationale, Strategies and Challenges
Current Molecular Medicine