Abstract
Preterm Birth (PTB) accounts for approximately 11% of all births worldwide each year and is a profound physiological stressor in early life. The burden of neuropsychiatric and developmental impairment is high, with severity and prevalence correlated with gestational age at delivery. PTB is a major risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy, lower educational attainment and deficits in cognitive functioning, and individuals born preterm have higher rates of schizophrenia, autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Factors such as gestational age at birth, systemic inflammation, respiratory morbidity, sub-optimal nutrition, and genetic vulnerability are associated with poor outcome after preterm birth, but the mechanisms linking these factors to adverse long term outcome are poorly understood. One potential mechanism linking PTB with neurodevelopmental effects is changes in the epigenome. Epigenetic processes can be defined as those leading to altered gene expression in the absence of a change in the underlying DNA sequence and include DNA methylation/ hydroxymethylation and histone modifications. Such epigenetic modifications may be susceptible to environmental stimuli, and changes may persist long after the stimulus has ceased, providing a mechanism to explain the long-term consequences of acute exposures in early life. Many factors such as inflammation, fluctuating oxygenation and excitotoxicity which are known factors in PTB related brain injury, have also been implicated in epigenetic dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of epigenetic dysregulation in mediating the effects of PTB on neurodevelopmental outcome, with specific emphasis on DNA methylation and the α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase family of enzymes.
Keywords: Preterm birth, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Epigenetic, DNA methylation, Epigenetic dysregulation, α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase.
Current Genomics
Title:Preterm Birth and the Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Is There a Role for Epigenetic Dysregulation?
Volume: 19 Issue: 7
Author(s): Eamon Fitzgerald, James P. Boardman and Amanda J. Drake*
Affiliation:
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen`s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ,United Kingdom
Keywords: Preterm birth, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Epigenetic, DNA methylation, Epigenetic dysregulation, α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase.
Abstract: Preterm Birth (PTB) accounts for approximately 11% of all births worldwide each year and is a profound physiological stressor in early life. The burden of neuropsychiatric and developmental impairment is high, with severity and prevalence correlated with gestational age at delivery. PTB is a major risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy, lower educational attainment and deficits in cognitive functioning, and individuals born preterm have higher rates of schizophrenia, autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Factors such as gestational age at birth, systemic inflammation, respiratory morbidity, sub-optimal nutrition, and genetic vulnerability are associated with poor outcome after preterm birth, but the mechanisms linking these factors to adverse long term outcome are poorly understood. One potential mechanism linking PTB with neurodevelopmental effects is changes in the epigenome. Epigenetic processes can be defined as those leading to altered gene expression in the absence of a change in the underlying DNA sequence and include DNA methylation/ hydroxymethylation and histone modifications. Such epigenetic modifications may be susceptible to environmental stimuli, and changes may persist long after the stimulus has ceased, providing a mechanism to explain the long-term consequences of acute exposures in early life. Many factors such as inflammation, fluctuating oxygenation and excitotoxicity which are known factors in PTB related brain injury, have also been implicated in epigenetic dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of epigenetic dysregulation in mediating the effects of PTB on neurodevelopmental outcome, with specific emphasis on DNA methylation and the α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase family of enzymes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Fitzgerald Eamon, Boardman P. James and Drake J. Amanda *, Preterm Birth and the Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Is There a Role for Epigenetic Dysregulation?, Current Genomics 2018; 19 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202919666171229144807
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202919666171229144807 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Big Data in Cancer Research
Cancer is a significant threat to human life and health, remaining a highly aggressive killer. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and represents a crucial medical issue for humanity. However, in the past decade, the effectiveness of new synthetic anticancer agents has not matched the current clinical speculation. ...read more
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cyclooxygenase-2 Biology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Updates in the Alzheimer’s Disease Etiopathology and Possible Treatment Approaches: A Narrative Review of Current Clinical Trials
Current Molecular Pharmacology Relevance of Excitable Media Theory and Retinal Spreading Depression Experiments in Preclinical Pharmacological Research
Current Neuropharmacology Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of CNS Injury
Current Neuropharmacology Issues in Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review
Current Psychiatry Reviews Increasing Bcl-2 and Neuroglubin Expression in Hypoxic Hippocampal Neurons under Hypoxia Preconditioning and in 3-n-butylphalide Treated Cells under Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation
Clinical Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Drugs (Discontinued) Therapeutic Strategies in Parkinsons Disease
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Lovastatin for Treating Bipolar Mood Disorder: A 4-Week Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Recent Patents on Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Age Related Macular Degeneration and Uveitis
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Thromboembolic Complications in Malignant Haematological Disorders
Current Vascular Pharmacology Encountering and Advancing Through Antiangiogenesis Therapy for Gliomas
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modulation of Ischemic Brain Injury and Neuroinflammation by Adenosine A2A Receptors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Stromal-Derived Factor-1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrinemediated Tissue Repair
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Disorders of Consciousness and Electrophysiological Treatment Strategies: A Review of the Literature and New Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sphingolipids as Emerging Drug Targets: Therapeutic Applications of Ceramide Analogs
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Microcirculation in Sepsis: New Perspectives
Current Vascular Pharmacology Progress in the Research on Naturally Occurring Flavones and Flavonols: An Overview
Current Organic Chemistry Validating Immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: The EB101 Vaccine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identification of Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Cell Survival Pathways Contributing to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by Postmortem Gene Expression Microarray
Current Neurovascular Research Pharmacotherpy and Alzheimer’s Disease: The M-Drugs (Melatonin, Minocycline, Modafinil, and Memantine) Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Design