Epigenetic Mechanisms: Role in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Lineage Commitment and Differentiation

Title:Epigenetic Mechanisms: Role in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Lineage Commitment and Differentiation

Volume: 19 Issue: 14

Author(s): Sanjeev Raghuwanshi, Swati Dahariya, Ravinder Kandi, Usha Gutti, Ram Babu Undi, Durga Shankar Sharma, Itishri Sahu, Narasaiah Kovuru, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Raja Gopal Venakata Saladi and Ravi Kumar Gutti*

Affiliation:

• Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046 (TS),India

Keywords: Epigenetics, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), DNA methylation, histones, miRNA, acetyltransferases (HATs), DNA methyltransferases.

Abstract: Major breakthroughs in the last several decades have contributed to our knowledge of the genetic regulation in development. Although epigenetics is not a new concept, unfortunately, the role of epigenetics has not come to fruition in the past. But the field of epigenetics has exploded within the past decade. Now, growing evidences show a complex network of epigenetic regulation in development. The epigenetic makeup of a cell, tissue or individual is much more complex than their genetic complement. Epigenetic modifications are more important for normal development by maintaining the gene expression pattern in tissue- and context-specific manner. Deregulation of epigenetic mechanism can lead to altered gene expression and its function, which result in altered tissue specific function of cells and malignant transformation. Epigenetic modifications directly shape Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) developmental cascades, including their maintenance of self-renewal and multilineage potential, lineage commitment, and aging. Hence, there is a growing admiration for epigenetic players and their regulatory function in haematopoiesis. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying these modifications in mammalian genome are still not completely understood. This review mainly explains 3 key epigenetics mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs inference in hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation.

Cite this article as:

Raghuwanshi Sanjeev , Dahariya Swati, Kandi Ravinder , Gutti Usha , Undi Babu Ram, Sharma Shankar Durga, Sahu Itishri , Kovuru Narasaiah , Yarla Sastry Nagendra, Saladi Gopal Venakata Raja and Gutti Kumar Ravi *, Epigenetic Mechanisms: Role in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Lineage Commitment and Differentiation, Current Drug Targets 2018; 19 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666171122141821