Abstract
Background: The application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of fatigue has long been practiced in clinical and showed significant effects.
Objective: This article summarizes the work done on the natural products from TCM that are reported to have effects of treating fatigue, in the past two decades.
Method: Research status, sources, models, efficacy and mechanisms of active ingredients and their monomer in the treatment of fatigue are discussed.
Results: Pharmacological research shows that active ingredients of polysaccharide can significantly improve body’s resistance through promoting glycogen synthesis, reducing sports metabolites and increasing hypoxia tolerance; Alkaloids have been proven to be effective in promoting the reserving of various glucogen substances, improving exercise endurance and speeding up the metabolism of body’s urea nitrogen in mice; With the increase of glycosides amount, up goes the sport endurance, liver glycogen content and the ability of clear lactate index in mice, indicating that saponin has clear, dose-dependent anti-fatigue effect; Polyphenols have also functions of resisting fatigue, where they reduce free radicals accumulated and thus slow down the rapid declination of exercise capacity when doing sports; There are other active ingredients of TCM that have biological activities, like some proteins, anthraquinones, terpenes, unsaturated fatty acid monomer compounds; And research has found that tonic medicine can promote the elimination of fatigue and improve athletic ability.
Conclusion: It is hoped that the data summarized in this review will be beneficial to the screening of new nature-derived drugs with the ability of relieving and improving fatigue.
Keywords: Traditional Chinese medicine, natural products, active ingredients, fatigue, treatment.
[1]
Clark, J.E.; Fai Ng, W.; Watson, S.; Newton, J.L. The aetiopathogenesis of fatigue: unpredictable, complex and persistent. Br. Med. Bull., 2016, 117(1), 139-148.
[2]
Pietrowsky, R.; Lahl, O. Diurnal variation of physical and mental fatigue. Sleep Biol. Rhythms, 2008, 6(4), 228-233.
[3]
Peuckmann, V.; Elsner, F.; Krumm, N.; Trottenberg, P.; Radbruch, L. Pharmacological treatments for fatigue associated with palliative care. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2010, 11(11)CD006788
[4]
Marcora, S.M.; Staiano, W.; Manning, V. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. J. Appl. Physiol., 2009, 106(3), 857-864.
[5]
Chen, R.; Moriya, J.; Yamakawa, J.; Takahashi, T.; Kanda, T. Traditional Chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative
medicine eCAM, 2010, 7(1), 3-10.
[6]
Hureau, T.J.; Ducrocq, G.P.; Blain, G.M. Peripheral and central fatigue development during all-out repeated cycling sprints. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 2016, 48(3), 391-401.
[7]
Sharples, S.A.; Gould, J.A.; Vandenberk, M.S.; Kalmar, J.M. Cortical Mechanisms of Central Fatigue and Sense of Effort. PLoS One, 2016, 11(2)e0149026
[8]
Brataas, H.V.; Evensen, A.E. Life stories of people on sick leave from work because of mild mental illness, pain and fatigue. Work, 2015, 53(2), 285-291.
[9]
Prins, J.B.; van der Meer, J.W.; Bleijenberg, G. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet, 2006, 367(9507), 346-355.
[10]
Jackson, M.L.; Butt, H.; Ball, M.; Lewis, D.P.; Bruck, D. Sleep quality and the treatment of intestinal microbiota imbalance in chronic fatigue Syndrome: A pilot study. Sleep Sci., 2015, 8(3), 124-133.
[11]
Okamoto, M.; Tan, F.; Suyama, A.; Okada, H.; Miyamoto, T.; Kishimoto, T. The characteristics of fatigue symptoms and their association with the life style and the health status in school children. J. Epidemiol., 2000, 10(4), 241-248.
[13]
Liu, C.; Huang, Y. Chinese herbal medicine on cardiovascular diseases and the mechanisms of action. Front. Pharmacol., 2016, 7, 469.
[14]
Tao, G.; Balunas, M.J. Current therapeutic role and medicinal potential of Scutellaria barbata in traditional Chinese medicine and western research. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 182, 170-180.
[15]
Podzolkov, V.I.; Strizhakov, L.A.; Pavlov, V.I.; Makolkin, V.I. [Complex assessment of efficacy and tolerance of metoprolol CR/ZOK in treating hypertension]. Ter. Arkh., 2002, 74(11), 74-77.
[16]
Lind, M.I.; Chen, H.Y.; Cortazar-Chinarro, M.; Maklakov, A.A. Rapamycin additively extends lifespan in short- and long-lived lines of the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. Exp. Gerontol., 2017, 90, 79-82.
[17]
Hu, Q.; Chen, F. Overview of Chinese and western medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Yunnan Trad. Chin. Med., 2012, 33(4), 75-77.
[18]
Shen, C.Y.; Jiang, J.G.; Yang, L.; Wang, D.W.; Zhu, W. Anti-ageing active ingredients from herbs and nutraceuticals used in traditional Chinese medicine: pharmacological mechanisms and implications for drug discovery. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2017, 174(11), 1395-1425.
[19]
Huang, L. Anti-fatigue constituents and mechanism of Acanthopanacis senticosi radix et rhizoma seu caulis Fujian Univ. Trad. Chin. Med., 2011, 6, 6.
[20]
Liu, C.H.; Tsai, C.H.; Li, T.C.; Yang, Y.W.; Huang, W.S.; Lu, M.K.; Tseng, C.H.; Huang, H.C.; Chen, K.F.; Hsu, T.S.; Hsu, Y.T.; Tsai, C.H.; Hsieh, C.L. Effects of the traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus in patients with poststroke fatigue: A double-blind, randomized, controlled preliminary study. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 194, 954-962.
[21]
Xiao, T.; Guo, J.; Tian, C.; Zhang, T. Research progress in Chinese material medica and their compounds for treatment of exercise-induced fatigue. Drugs & Clinic, 2013, 28(3), 446-451.
[22]
Chen, R.; Moriy, J.; Yamakawa, J.; Takahashi, T.; Kanda, T. Traditional chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome eCAM, 2010, 7(1), 3-10.
[23]
Lin, J.C.; Cen, B.H.; Jiang, W.N.; Liu, P.F.; Liang, Y.L.; Dong, Y.F. Progress in lipid-lowering by active ingredients of Traditional Chinese medicine. Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Xiandai Yuancheng Jiaoyu, 2013, 11(12), 164-165.
[24]
Shen, C.Y.; Yang, L.; Jiang, J.G.; Zheng, C.Y.; Zhu, W. Immune enhancement effects and extraction optimization of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara. Engl. Food Funct., 2017, 8(2), 796-807.
[25]
Boeriu, C.G. Polysaccharides as source of advanced and sustainable products. Carbohydr. Polym., 2013, 93(1), 1-1.
[26]
Ding, J.; Jin, L.; Lv, J. Biological activity progress of polysaccharide. Chung Kuo Yao Hsueh Tsa Chih, 2004, 39(8), 561-564.
[27]
Yuan, Y.; Sun, M.; Li, K.S. Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-8. World J. Gastroenterol., 2009, 15(29), 3676-3680.
[28]
Wu, M.; Zhou, T.; Chen, N.; Chen, G. Studies on Anti-fatigue effect of polysaccharide from Radix astragali Hubei. Agric. Sci., 2014, (1), 175-177.
[29]
Wang, J-H.; Chen, X-Q.; Zhang, W-J. Study on biological effect and mechanism of antifatigue of polysaccharide from Lycium rcthenicum mill. fruit. Food Sci. Technol. (Campinas), 2009, 2.
[30]
Zang, W.; Guo-Jin, L.I.; Geng, H.M. Study on the Anti-fatigue function of polysaccharide in Inula Britannica L. Lishizhen Medicine & Materia Medica Research, 2013, 24(10), 2371-2372.
[31]
Shen, W.; Zhou, Y.; Lin, G.; Liu, J.; Liao, S. Bioactive constituents and anti-fatigue effects in vivo of Lepidium meyenii(Maca). J. Food Sci. Bio, 2014, 33(7), 721-725.
[32]
Yang, X.; Yu, K.; Li, N.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y. Anti-fatigue activity of polysaccharide from Platycodon grandiflorum. Nat. Prod. Res. Devel, 2015, 27(3), 459-461.
[33]
Wang, S.; Li, L. Study on anti-fatigue effect of Spirulina polysaccharide. Sci. Technol. Food Industry, 2013, 22, 328-330.
[34]
Tan, W.; Yu, K.Q.; Liu, Y.Y.; Ouyang, M.Z.; Yan, M.H.; Luo, R.; Zhao, X.S. Anti-fatigue activity of polysaccharides extract from Radix Rehmanniae Preparata. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2012, 50(1), 59-62.
[35]
Shen, C.Y.; Wang, T.X.; Zhang, X.M.; Jiang, J.G. Various antioxidant effects were attributed to different components in the dried blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65(30), 6087-6092.
[36]
Cordell, G.A.; Quinn-Beattie, M.L.; Farnsworth, N.R. The potential of alkaloids in drug discovery. Phytother. Res., 2001, 15(3), 183-205.
[37]
Wang, X. The study of extraction technology and anti-fatigue activity of securinine; Jilin Agricultural Univ., 2012, pp. 31-36.
[38]
Liu, A. Studies on the chemical component and pharmacological effect of Corydalis adunca Maxim; Northwest Normal University, 2005, pp. 18-33.
[39]
Yang, H. Study on extraction process optimization of red beet juice and effects of betaine in red beet juice on anti-fatigue in mice; Northeast Forestry Univ, 2011, pp. 23-35.
[40]
Xin, T. Quality Evaluation of Dendrobium Tissue Culture. Liaoning University Trad. Chin. Med, 2011, 39-45.
[41]
Weizhi, S.; Yuxiao, Z.; Guangyue, L.; Jun, L.; Sentai, L. Bioactive constituents and anti-fatigue effects in vivo of
Lepidium meyenii Maca) J. Food Sci. Biotechnol, 2014, (7), 721-726.
[42]
Bai, X.; Xiao, H.; Yang, J.; Zhu, J.; Hao, X. An experimental study on the anti-stress effects of alkaloids in Rhizoma Corydalis to Mice. J. Guiyang Med. Coll., 2008, 33(2), 139-141.
[43]
Xia, F.; Zhong, Y.; Li, M.; Chang, Q.; Liao, Y.; Liu, X.; Pan, R. Antioxidant and anti-fatigue constituents of okra. Nutrients, 2015, 7(10), 8846-8858.
[44]
Shi, H.; Chen, J. Research progress of anti-fatigue effect of single Chinese herb such as Rhodiola rosea. China Med J, 2012, 9(4), 9-10.
[45]
Skene, C.D.; Sutton, P. Saponin-adjuvanted particulate vaccines for clinical use. Methods, 2006, 40(1), 53-59.
[46]
Patov, S.; Punegov, V.; Kuchin, A. Synthesis of the Rhodiola rosea glycoside rosavin. Chem. Nat. Compd., 2006, 42(42), 397-399.
[47]
Zhang, H.Y. Chao yang, M.A.; Wang, H.X. Anti-fatigue effects of rosavin extracted from Rhodiola rosea L. Sci. Technol. Food Industry, 2013, 34(6), 357-359.
[48]
Feng, X.U.; Zhao, J.Y.; Liu, T.S. Study on anti-fatigue function of Acanthopanax senticosus extract. Food Science, 2005, 26(9), 453-456.
[49]
Ruan, W. The Study of extraction-purification process and biological activity in Acaudina Molpadioides total saponins; Jimei Univ, 2012, pp. 46-59.
[50]
Feng, X.U.; Chen, X.; Han, L.L.; Wen, J. Study on mechanism of anti-fatigue rhodiola. Food Sci., 2004, 25(10), 366-370.
[51]
Zhou, S.M.; Tian, H.J.; Huang, Q.Y.; Gao, Y.Q. Anti-fatigue function of Panax quinquefoiuml in mice under simulated plateau conditions. MJCPLA, 2013, 29(4), 297-300.
[52]
Wu, Y.; Wu, D.; Hu, Z. Anti- fatigue effect of astragalus extract on weight- loaded exhausting swimming in rats. Shanghai University Trad. Chin. Med., 2008, 22(1), 36-39.
[53]
Quideau, S.; Deffieux, D.; Douat-Casassus, C.; Pouységu, L. Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2011, 50(3), 586-621.
[54]
Lang, H.; Chen, K.; Tang, Y.; You, J.; Zhang, Q.; Mi, M.; Zhu, J.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, B.; Yi, L. Anti-fatigue effects of Chaenomeles extract and taurine mixture; Chongqing Med, 2012, pp. 34-42.
[55]
Zeng, S.; Gan, Y.; Liang, J.; Zhou, Z.; Huang, M. Anti-fatigue effects of extract from Cyclobalanopsis glauca root on mice. J. Yulin Normal Univ. Nat. Sci., 2012, (5), 56-60.
[56]
Liang, J.S. The study on the isolation of tannins from Cyclobalanopsis glauca and its anti-fatigue and anticancer activities; Guangxi Normal Univ, 2012, pp. 31-37.
[57]
Gan, Y.K.; Zhang, Y.Q.; Chen, X.B.; Xiong, X.L.; Wei, X.J. Study on the anti-exercise fatigue effect of Cyclobalanopsis glauca. J Anhui Agri Sci., 2009, 37(29), 14202-14203.
[58]
Liu, X.; Li, X.; Bao, L.; Ling, B. The antifatigue effect of grape seed extract-proanthocyanidin. Pract. Prev. Med., 2004, 11(1), 36-38.
[59]
Yan, P. Evaluation on anti-fatigue effect of soybean minor peptides. Chin. J. Publ. Health, 2008, 24(2), 217-218.
[60]
Zhang, C. Research advance of compound of Chinese herbal eliminating sports fatigue. Guide China Med., 2008, 6(24), 228-230.
[61]
Zhang, H.; Cao, H.; Yu, Y.; Zhou, L.; Yi, M.; Sun, M.; Feng, S.; Huang, Y.; Fan, B.; Peng, J. Effects of nourishing
qi to generate fluid on rats' immune function. Basic Med.
Trad. Chin. Med, 2009, (6), 428-429.
[62]
Tian, S.; Chen, W.; Gao, L.; Wu, C.; Tian, X.; Ren, L. The Effects of Chinese Herb on free radical metabolism and exhaustive running ability of rat during different recovery time courses after fatigue. J. XI’AN Phys. Edu. Univ., 2013, 30(4), 453-458.
[63]
Powers, S.K.; DeRuisseau, K.C.; Quindry, J.; Hamilton, K.L. Dietary antioxidants and exercise. J. Sports Sci., 2004, 22(1), 81-94.
[64]
Ma, J-Q.; Ma, X-Q.; Zhang, X-Y. Mechanism of resisting exercise fatigue by epimedium flavones in mice. Chin. J. New Drugs, 2009, 18(6), 553-559.
[65]
Tang, H. The Effect of Ginsenoside Rg_1 on improving physical performance during recovery after exhaustive swimming in mice. Chin. J. Sports Med., 2002, 21(4), 375-377.
[66]
Hou, C.L.; Yan, S.F.; Sun, H.M. Cellular mechanism of exercise-induced fatigue and its updated researches. J. Captical College Phys. Edu, 2003, 15(1), 89-92.
[67]
Chi, A.; Chen, J. Effect of amto-fatigue composition from jujube on the glycometabolism of swimming mice. Chin. J. Sports Med., 2007, 26(4), 411-415.
[69]
Connes, P.; Bouix, D.; Py, G.; Caillaud, C.; Kippelen, P.; Brun, J.F.; Varray, A.; Prefaut, C.; Mercier, J. Does exercise-induced hypoxemia modify lactate influx into erythrocytes and hemorheological parameters in athletes? J. Appl. Physiol., 2004, 97(3), 1053-1058.
[70]
Cui, B.; Huang, W.; Lin, Y. Experimental study of the anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia function of Phyllanthus emblica l. in mice. Modern Chin. Med., 2008, 10(6), 26-28.
[71]
Demuyser, T.; Deneyer, L.; Bentea, E.; Albertini, G.; Van Liefferinge, J.; Merckx, E.; De Prins, A.; De Bundel, D.; Massie, A.; Smolders, I. In-depth behavioral characterization of the corticosterone mouse model and the critical involvement of housing conditions. Physiol. Behav., 2016, 156, 199-207.
[72]
Pomara, C.; Barone, R.; Gammazza, A.; Sangiorgi, C.; Barone, F.; Pitruzzella, A.; Locorotondo, N.; Gaudio, F.; Salerno, M.; Maglietta, F. Effects of nandrolone stimulation on testosterone biosynthesis in leydig cells. J. Cell. Physiol., 2016, 231(6), 1385-1391.
[73]
Oi-Kano, Y.; Kawada, T.; Watanabe, T.; Koyama, F.; Watanabe, K.; Senbongi, R.; Iwai, K. Oleuropein supplementation increases urinary noradrenaline and testicular testosterone levels and decreases plasma corticosterone level in rats fed high-protein diet. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2013, 24(5), 887-893.
[74]
Cai, M.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, B.; Gao, S. The effect of liuwei dihuang decoction on exercise -induced fatigue in rats. China J. Sports Med., 2007, 26(1), 56-59.
[75]
Sanchez, C.; Biskup, C.; Herpertz, S.; Gaber, T.; Kuhn, C.; Hood, S.; Zepf, F. The role of serotonin (5-HT) in behavioral control: findings from animal research and clinical implications. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2015, 18(10)pyv050
[76]
Micheli, F.; Cremonesi, S.; Semeraro, T.; Tarsi, L.; Tomelleri, S.; Cavanni, P.; Oliosi, B.; Perdonà, E.; Sava, A.; Zonzini, L.; Feriani, A.; Braggio, S.; Heidbreder, C. Novel morpholine scaffolds as selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2016, 26(4), 1329-1332.
[77]
Gou, Z.X. Dopamine (DA) and central fatigue. J. Tangshan Teachers College, 2009, 31(2), 118-120.
[78]
Rausch, W.D.; Liu, S.; Gille, G.; Radad, K. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Warsz.), 2006, 66(4), 369-375.
[79]
Chang, Y.; Zheng, H.; Qu, H.; Ma, J.; Ma, Y.; Xi, X. Study on antifatigue effect Anthoxanthin Salix. Food Sci., 2006, 27(8), 251-253.
[80]
Wink, D.A.; Hines, H.B.; Cheng, R.Y.; Switzer, C.H.; Flores-Santana, W.; Vitek, M.P.; Ridnour, L.A.; Colton, C.A. Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2011, 89(6), 873-891.
[81]
Alderton, W.K.; Cooper, C.E.; Knowles, R.G. Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. Biochem. J., 2001, 357(Pt 3), 593-615.
[82]
hogxin, Y.; jinfeng, H.; yong, Y.; yan, W.; xiaohong, Y., Effect of Cistanche deserticola on the expression of NOS3 in mouse liver by exercise. Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Xinxi Zazhi, 2008, 15(5), 344-346.
[83]
Yang, H.X.; Yang, Y.; Yan, X.H. Experimental study of anti-sports fatigue effect mechanisms of Cistanche Deserticola. Chin. J. Inform. Trad. Chin. Med, 2008, 15(4), 24-28.
[84]
Qiu, H. Statement on recovery of traditional Chinese medicine and drug on sport fatigue. J. Graduates Sun Yat-Sen University; Natural Sciences Medicine, 2010.
[85]
Wang, H.; He, Z.; Liu, X. Progress fatigue mechanism and anti-fatigue medicine. Modern Trad. Chin. Med., 2007, 27(2), 58-59.
[86]
Qin, Y.; Jin, W.; Lv, X.; Dai, P.; Ao, Y.; Wu, M.; Deng, W.; Yu, L. Effects of macamides on endurance capacity and anti-fatigue property in prolonged swimming mice. Pharm. Biol., 2015, 1-8.
[87]
Bai, W.; Zhang, H.; Gao, Y. Review about study of traditional Chinese medicine on mechanism and recovery of sport fatigue. Liaoning J. Trad. Chin. Med, 2013, 40(1), 181-183.
[88]
Rendalai, B.U.; Shentuya, H. A.; Hua, Al. Effects of narenmandula on sports fatigue. World Sci. Technol-Modernization Trad. Chin. Med. Materia. Medica, 2008, 10(1), 137-138.
[89]
Yu, Y.; Hou, P.; Chang, B. Review on Chinese traditional medicine with functions of “bu shen” and “jian pi”. Dispelling Exercise-induced Fatigue J. Shenyang Phys. Edu. Inst., 2005, 24(5), 81-83.
[90]
Yu, Y.; Li, X.; Ji, C.; Zhu, C. Summary of compound Chinese
medicine to sports fatigue in animal study. In: Jiangxi Finance
College; , 2009; S2, p. 170-172.
[91]
Sui, C.; Yan, S. A survey of the research on traditional Chinese medicine and its elements for elimination of exercise fatigue. J. Capital Inst. Phys. Edu., 2005, 17(6), 55-58.
[92]
Ju, B-Z. Modulating mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on sports fatigue. J. Shenyang Inst. Phys. Edu, 2004, 23(1), 25-26.
[93]
Chang, B. Chinese traditional medicine and exercise-induced-fatigue. J. XIAN Inst. Phys. Educ, 2005, 22(3), 64-68.
[94]
Wang, F.; Zhu, P.; Liang, Y.; Zhao, S.; Yan, N. Effects of polysaccharides of the mycelium of Cordyceps Sinensis on ability of anti-fatique and anti-anoxia in mice. Food Sci. Technol, 2012, 37(10), 164-167.
[95]
Liang, J.; Deng, Y.; Yu, G.; Gan, Y. Anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides derived from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. in mice. Food Sci, 2012, 33(19), 282-288.
[96]
Li, J.F.; Ge, W.H.; Shen, X.R.; Liu, Y.M. Anti-fatigue effects of Sipunculus nudus polysaccharide in mice. Chin. J. Exp. Trad. Med. Formul, 2012, 18(23), 212-215.
[97]
Tang, L. Experimental study of hawthorn on anti - fatigue effect. J. Yunnan Trad. Med., 2008, 29(2), 32-33.
[98]
Song, W.; Song, J.; Luo, S. Experimental research on anti-fatigue effect of litchi. Zhong Yao Cai, 2012, 35(9), 1485-1487.
[99]
Jin, W. Study on the Functional factors of Lepidium meyenii
a plant with medicine and food characteristics. Huazhong
U. Sci. Technol., 2009, 96-107.
[100]
Xu, M. Study on anti-fatigue activity of alkaloids extract from seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench; Jilin Agricul. Univ, 2014, pp. 30-32.
[101]
Song, X.T.; Zhang, J.Y.; Meng, L.Y.; Gao, F.; Wu, X.G.; Zhang, K. Effect of ginseng three alcohol saponin on blood glucose, blood lactic acid and blood urea nitrogen in sports fatigue rats. Chin. J. Public Health Eng, 2013, 12(5), 359-361.
[102]
Gao, Z.; Zhou, H.; Lin, Q. Effects of HERBA CISTANCHES on the ability of resistance exercise induced fatigue in rats and free radical in brain tissue. Med. Plant, 2011, 5.
[103]
Liu, D. The molecular mechanism of anti-fatigue effects
from Eucommia Ulmoides leaves and the relationship between
the antioxidant. Shaanxi Uni. Sci. Technol, 2011, 23-
24.
[104]
Wei, Z. Research on the effect of puerarin on alleviating sports fatigue. Open Biomed. Eng. J., 2015, 9(1), 288-291.
[105]
Ning, H.; Guan, W.; Yan, H.; Zhang, X.; Liu, H. Study on the antifatigue effect of a complex beverage of tea polyphenols. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2002, 24(3), 313-316.
[106]
Xiong, B.; Xie, P.; Xiong, Z. Research summary of Rhodiola rosea applied in sports medicine field. J. Ankang. Uni, 2014, 26(6), 83-86.
[107]
Wu, T. Experimental study of rutin in anti-fatigue effect; Shananxi Nor. Uni, 2014, pp. 13-18.
[108]
Huang, Y. The study of fatigue resistance of forsythia-leaf-flavonoids; Shanxi Nor. Univ., 2006, pp. 7-14.
[109]
Zhi-Jie, H.E.; Zhang, Y. Effect of extract from Ginkgo Biloba on enzyme activities in serum of exhaustive training rats. Hubei Agricul. Sci, 2012, 51(20), 4586-4588.
[110]
Luo, X.; Pan, F.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, M.; Ge, S.; Liu, J. Effects of pilose antler polypeptide on ability of mice anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue. Food Sci., 2008, 29(4), 386-388.
[111]
Lu, L.; Zhou, J.; Yan, Y.; Hu, D.; Guo, Y. The impact on sea cucumber peptide immunomodulator and fatigue in Mice. J. Shandong Med., 2009, 49(25), 35-37.
[112]
Zhang, C.; Yan, L.; Guo, G.; Zhang, H. Studies on antifatigue of buckwheat protein. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol, 2005, 24(6), 78-87.
[114]
Zhang, L. Study on extraction of Tenebrio Molitor Linneeus oil with aqueous enzymatic method and its function properties; Northwest A F Uni, 2010, pp. 24-34.
[115]
Wang, C.; Fang, S.; Ma, L.; Zhou, J. Effect of Liqi tiaobu tang on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in fatigue induced by exercise in rat. Chin. J. Experimental. Trad. Med. Formulae, 2010, 16(5), 139-141.
[116]
Xiao-Lin, L.I.; Hong, X.; Wang, K. Research on lizhong pill for enhance the cold resistance and fatigue resistance in experimental J. Harbin Inst. Phys. Edu., 2013, 31(6), 20-22.
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
08 September, 2024
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
31 December, 2024
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
10 November, 2024
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
14 July, 2024
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Related Journals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Analytical Chemistry
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Related Books
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Attentive Arbiter of Inflammatory Response
Botanicals and Natural Bioactives: Prevention and Treatment of Diseases
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Objective Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Compilation of Questions and Answers for Pharmaceutics Exam Prep
Biosurfactants: A Boon to Healthcare, Agriculture & Environmental Sustainability
Marine Biopharmaceuticals: Scope and Prospects
Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular and Endocrine Systems
Frontiers in Computational Chemistry
Advances in Dye Degradation
Article Metrics
78
8
