Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered an incurable disease due to late diagnosis, rapid spread and negligible response treatment methods, with a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. Hence, there is an urgency in developing novel strategies for PC prevention. This review is focused on discussing the challenges in understanding complex immune functions in tumor microenvironment and host-induced immune responses against tumors, selection of antigens for development of preventive vaccines, lessons from immunoprevention clinical trials and challenges in developing future vaccines.
Methods: 65 original articles were referenced from various sources, based on immunoprevention or criteria pertaining to tumor antigens and immune responses in PC. All these articles were analyzed for the method details and results obtained, and the existing challenges were derived for successful development of clinical immunoprevention strategies.
Results: The analysis of these articles and our experience with preclinical efficacy evaluations of various preventive approaches against PC helped in identifying specific tumor antigens as targets which can overcome tumor cell immune suppression. This review discussed the status of primary, secondary and tertiary preventive vaccines and reasons for failure of therapeutic vaccines. The key parameters for effective vaccination were identified, including stage of the disease for vaccination efficacy, use of appropriate animal models for development of preventive vaccines. Potential of chemopreventive agents as adjuvants in immunoprevention was discussed. This review identified new challenges for development of immunopreventive vaccines.
Conclusion: This review analyzed various aspects of vaccine development for immunoprevention of PC and emphasized the challenges for development of immunoprevention strategies.
Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, immunoprevention, vaccine, early detection, biomarkers, adjuvants.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Immunoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer
Volume: 25 Issue: 22
Author(s): Chinthalapally V. Rao, Altaf Mohammed, Adam S. Asch and Naveena B. Janakiram*
Affiliation:
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK,United States
Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, immunoprevention, vaccine, early detection, biomarkers, adjuvants.
Abstract: Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered an incurable disease due to late diagnosis, rapid spread and negligible response treatment methods, with a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. Hence, there is an urgency in developing novel strategies for PC prevention. This review is focused on discussing the challenges in understanding complex immune functions in tumor microenvironment and host-induced immune responses against tumors, selection of antigens for development of preventive vaccines, lessons from immunoprevention clinical trials and challenges in developing future vaccines.
Methods: 65 original articles were referenced from various sources, based on immunoprevention or criteria pertaining to tumor antigens and immune responses in PC. All these articles were analyzed for the method details and results obtained, and the existing challenges were derived for successful development of clinical immunoprevention strategies.
Results: The analysis of these articles and our experience with preclinical efficacy evaluations of various preventive approaches against PC helped in identifying specific tumor antigens as targets which can overcome tumor cell immune suppression. This review discussed the status of primary, secondary and tertiary preventive vaccines and reasons for failure of therapeutic vaccines. The key parameters for effective vaccination were identified, including stage of the disease for vaccination efficacy, use of appropriate animal models for development of preventive vaccines. Potential of chemopreventive agents as adjuvants in immunoprevention was discussed. This review identified new challenges for development of immunopreventive vaccines.
Conclusion: This review analyzed various aspects of vaccine development for immunoprevention of PC and emphasized the challenges for development of immunoprevention strategies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rao V. Chinthalapally, Mohammed Altaf, Asch S. Adam and Janakiram B. Naveena*, Immunoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170223153509
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170223153509 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Development of Targeted Therapies for Hepatocellular Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Voltage-Gated Ion Channels, New Targets in Anti-Cancer Research
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Targeting Tumors with Small Molecule Peptides
Current Cancer Drug Targets Protein Kinase B/AKT and Focal Adhesion Kinase: Two Close Signaling Partners in Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Epigenetics in Drug Resistance in Cancer
Epigenetic Diagnosis & Therapy (Discontinued) MicroRNAs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: An Old Disease with New Genetic Insights
MicroRNA 3-Bromopyruvic Acid, A Hexokinase II Inhibitor, is an Effective Antitumor Agent on the Hepatoma Cells : in vitro and in vivo Findings
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Functional Consequences of Immune Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chemical and Clinical Development of Darinaparsin, a Novel Organic Arsenic Derivative
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry T Cell Redirecting Therapies for Cancer Treatment
Current Cancer Drug Targets Bioinformatic Approaches in Glycomics and Glycoproteomics
Current Proteomics Indoor Dust Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and the Role of Ingestion as an Exposure Pathway: A Review
Current Organic Chemistry Some Implications of Receptor Kinase Signaling Pathway for Development of Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitors
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Radiation Protection of the Child from Diagnostic Imaging
Current Pediatric Reviews MICA Molecules in Disease and Transplantation, a Double-Edged Sword?
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) A Hemagglutinin from Northeast Red Beans with Immunomodulatory Activity and Anti-proliferative and Apoptosis-inducing Activities Toward Tumor Cells
Protein & Peptide Letters Natural Products: A Rich Source of Antiviral Drug Lead Candidates for the Management of COVID-19
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mouse Induced Glioma-Initiating Cell Models and Therapeutic Targets
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Development and Application of Fourier-Transform Infrared Chemical Imaging of Tumour in Human Tissue
Current Medicinal Chemistry Advances in Anticancer Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Immunotoxins
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery