Abstract
The focus of this review is the cellular internalisation mechanism of nanostructured systems (NSs) and their endosomal escape for targeted drug delivery. Endocytosis is a cellular process of internalisation of different molecules and foreign microorganisms. It is currently being studied for drug delivery through nanostructured systems. The most commonly studied routes of cellular uptake are phagocytosis, macro-pinocytosis, clathrinmediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and clathrin and caveolinindependent endocytosis. The mechanism utilised by NSs for cellular entry depends on factors such as cell type and its physicochemical properties. Currently, with the development of drugs-loaded onto NSs, it has been possible to increase the therapeutic index against few diseases. The NSs can deliver the active drug at locations that conventional drugs cannot, thereby minimising unwanted side effects. On cellular entry of NSs, there is a possibility of an endosomal escape of the contents into the cytoplasm, a mechanism that can be exploited so that NSs can migrate intra-cellularly and deliver the drug to the target of interest. Designing endolysosomal escape strategy is not an easy task, but it is critical for the optimal pharmacological action on the target tissue. The cellular uptake of drugs is a very important factor in therapy. Although NSs have emerged as effective drug delivery vehicle for treatment of diseases, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of NSs endocytosis.
Keywords: Endocytosis, drug delivery, escape pathway endolysosomal, nanostructured systems, phagocytosis.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Highlights in Endocytosis of Nanostructured Systems
Volume: 24 Issue: 18
Author(s): Aline R. Voltan*, Kaila M. Alarcon, Ana M. Fusco-Almeida, Christiane P. Soares, Maria J. S. Mendes-Giannini and Marlus Chorilli*
Affiliation:
- Rodovia Araraquara- Jaú, km. 1, Campus, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP,Brazil
- Avenida Esperança, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO,Brazil
Keywords: Endocytosis, drug delivery, escape pathway endolysosomal, nanostructured systems, phagocytosis.
Abstract: The focus of this review is the cellular internalisation mechanism of nanostructured systems (NSs) and their endosomal escape for targeted drug delivery. Endocytosis is a cellular process of internalisation of different molecules and foreign microorganisms. It is currently being studied for drug delivery through nanostructured systems. The most commonly studied routes of cellular uptake are phagocytosis, macro-pinocytosis, clathrinmediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and clathrin and caveolinindependent endocytosis. The mechanism utilised by NSs for cellular entry depends on factors such as cell type and its physicochemical properties. Currently, with the development of drugs-loaded onto NSs, it has been possible to increase the therapeutic index against few diseases. The NSs can deliver the active drug at locations that conventional drugs cannot, thereby minimising unwanted side effects. On cellular entry of NSs, there is a possibility of an endosomal escape of the contents into the cytoplasm, a mechanism that can be exploited so that NSs can migrate intra-cellularly and deliver the drug to the target of interest. Designing endolysosomal escape strategy is not an easy task, but it is critical for the optimal pharmacological action on the target tissue. The cellular uptake of drugs is a very important factor in therapy. Although NSs have emerged as effective drug delivery vehicle for treatment of diseases, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of NSs endocytosis.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Voltan R. Aline*, Alarcon M. Kaila, Fusco-Almeida M. Ana, Soares P. Christiane, Mendes-Giannini J. S. Maria and Chorilli Marlus*, Highlights in Endocytosis of Nanostructured Systems, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (18) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170214111205
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170214111205 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
New Generation of Oncolytic Herpes Virus
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Exposure and Genotoxicity Assessment Methodologies - The Case of Formaldehyde Occupational Exposure
Current Analytical Chemistry Long Non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 Facilitates Prostate Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-15b/IGF1R Axis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Altered Expression of microRNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles in Rats with Severe Burns during Shock Stage
Current Molecular Medicine Targeting SKCa Channels in Cancer: Potential New Therapeutic Approaches
Current Medicinal Chemistry Meet Our Editorial Board Member
The Natural Products Journal Recent Advances in Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probes for In Vivo Cancer Imaging
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some Molecules Other Than Nitrogen Containing Heterocyclic Moeities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Progress in the Development of Natural ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids with Anti-tumor Activity
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Immunity Modulators, Repurposed Drugs and Candidate Vaccines for COVID-19: A Review
Coronaviruses Telomere Dynamics in Response to Chemotherapy
Current Molecular Medicine UBE2L6 is Involved in Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating the Transcription of ABCB6
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Experimental Onco-Immunology Revisited
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews A Glucuronic Acid Binding Leguminous Lectin with Mitogenic Activity Toward Mouse Splenocytes
Protein & Peptide Letters Oxidative Stress and Cancer: The Role of Nrf2
Current Cancer Drug Targets Anti-VEGF Compounds in the Treatment of Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration
Current Drug Targets Epi-Drugs and Epi-miRs: Moving Beyond Current Cancer Therapies
Current Cancer Drug Targets Protein Bioinformatics Applied to Virology
Current Protein & Peptide Science Yeast as a Model System to Study Trafficking of Small Vesicles Carrying Signal-less Proteins In and Out of the Cell
Current Protein & Peptide Science Towards a Personalised Approach to Managing Influenza Infections in Infants and Children – Food for Thought and a Note on Oseltamivir
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets