Abstract
Tumors are complex tissues in which transformed cells communicate with the surrounding microenvironment and evolve traits promoting their own survival and malignancy. Hypoxia and inflammation are constant characteristics of prostate tumor microenvironment influencing both cancer stem cells and differentiated tumor cells. HIFs and NF-kB are the key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxic and inflammatory stresses, respectively, and a crosstalk between HIFs and NF-kB pathways has been widely documented. Similarly, androgen and estrogen signaling, that play important roles in the growth and function of normal prostate gland, when deregulated, have a significant part in the acquisition of hallmarks of malignant diseases. Moreover, androgen and estrogen receptors have been shown to intersect with the HIF/NF-kB signaling in prostate cancer. Aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the crucial role, in prostate cancer progression, of a molecular network linking hypoxia, pro-inflammatory response and steroid receptors.
Keywords: Androgen and estrogen receptors, cancer stem cells, hypoxia, inflammation, prostate cancer, molecular rehabilitation.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Hypoxia and Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Progression. Cross-talk with Androgen and Estrogen Receptors and Cancer Stem Cells
Volume: 16 Issue: 4
Author(s): Matteo Antonio Russo, Linda Ravenna, Laura Pellegrini, Elisa Petrangeli, Luisa Salvatori, Thea Magrone, Massimo Fini and Marco Tafani
Affiliation:
Keywords: Androgen and estrogen receptors, cancer stem cells, hypoxia, inflammation, prostate cancer, molecular rehabilitation.
Abstract: Tumors are complex tissues in which transformed cells communicate with the surrounding microenvironment and evolve traits promoting their own survival and malignancy. Hypoxia and inflammation are constant characteristics of prostate tumor microenvironment influencing both cancer stem cells and differentiated tumor cells. HIFs and NF-kB are the key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxic and inflammatory stresses, respectively, and a crosstalk between HIFs and NF-kB pathways has been widely documented. Similarly, androgen and estrogen signaling, that play important roles in the growth and function of normal prostate gland, when deregulated, have a significant part in the acquisition of hallmarks of malignant diseases. Moreover, androgen and estrogen receptors have been shown to intersect with the HIF/NF-kB signaling in prostate cancer. Aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the crucial role, in prostate cancer progression, of a molecular network linking hypoxia, pro-inflammatory response and steroid receptors.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Russo Antonio Matteo, Ravenna Linda, Pellegrini Laura, Petrangeli Elisa, Salvatori Luisa, Magrone Thea, Fini Massimo and Tafani Marco, Hypoxia and Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Progression. Cross-talk with Androgen and Estrogen Receptors and Cancer Stem Cells, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2016; 16 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530316666161130160144
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530316666161130160144 |
Print ISSN 1871-5303 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3873 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Positron Emission Tomography and Computer Tomography (PET/CT) in Prostate, Bladder, and Testicular Cancers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials
Current Molecular Medicine Non-Surgical Treatment Options for Symptomatic Uterine Leiomyomas
Current Women`s Health Reviews Recent Patents on Interventional Robot for Prostate Cancer
Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering Human Ghrelin: A Gastric Hormone with Cardiovascular Properties
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Bioactive Metabolites from the Marine-derived Fungi Aspergillus
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Small Molecules and Large-Scale Gene Expression Studies: An Experimental Approach for Understanding their Beneficial Effects on the Development of Malignant and Non-Malignant Proliferative Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Medications not Intended for Treatment of Dyslipidemias and with a Variable Effect on Lipids
Current Pharmaceutical Design Leptin as a Cardiac Pro-Hypertrophic Factor and its Potential Role in the Development of Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Moving Beyond VEGF for Anti-angiogenesis Strategies in Gynecologic Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Nano-Platforms are Moving to Clinical Trials
Current Drug Metabolism Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: The Main Targets for New Anticancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Functional Nanoplatforms for Enhancement of Chemotherapeutic Index
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry PROGRAMMED Cell Clearance: Molecular Mechanisms and Role in Autoimmune Disease, Chronic Inflammation, and Anti-Cancer Immune Responses
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) STAT-1 and STAT-3: Closely Related Transcription Factors with Antagonistic Effects on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis
Current Genomics The Mechanism of Action of Salsolinol in Brain: Implications in Parkinson’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTS
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery A Short Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Estramustine Phosphate and its Metabolites in Biological Samples
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Iron Chelators for the Treatment of Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Calmodulin in Reversing Multi Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry