Abstract
Background: Caffeic acid (CA) and related phenylpropanoic acids are ubiquitous natural products of the shikimic acid pathway origin. Due to the presence of diorthohydroxyl aromatic (catecholic) moiety, CA is not only one of the most potent antioxidant phenyl propanoids but also displays numerous other pharmacological effects ranging from antiinflammatory to anticancer effects.
Objective: Recent studies also demonstrated that CA both in its free form or conjugated with other groups such as quinic acid and sugars displays profound effects in the brain including protection from toxicity induced by a variety of agents and/or experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this communication, the anti-AD therapeutic potential of CA and its two most common conjugated natural bioactive derivatives, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), is scrutinised by reviewing literature in the past ten years. Besides the common global antioxidant effects, specific antiinflammatory mechanisms in the brain along with the various processes of β-amyloid formation, aggregation and neurotoxicity targets are discussed.
Conclusion: The mini-review also provides an insight into enhancing the therapeutic potential of existing anti-AD drugs by incorporating a CA structural moiety.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid and the Alzheimer's Brain: An Update
Volume: 17 Issue: 8
Author(s): Solomon Habtemariam*
Affiliation:
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB,United Kingdom
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid.
Abstract: Background: Caffeic acid (CA) and related phenylpropanoic acids are ubiquitous natural products of the shikimic acid pathway origin. Due to the presence of diorthohydroxyl aromatic (catecholic) moiety, CA is not only one of the most potent antioxidant phenyl propanoids but also displays numerous other pharmacological effects ranging from antiinflammatory to anticancer effects.
Objective: Recent studies also demonstrated that CA both in its free form or conjugated with other groups such as quinic acid and sugars displays profound effects in the brain including protection from toxicity induced by a variety of agents and/or experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this communication, the anti-AD therapeutic potential of CA and its two most common conjugated natural bioactive derivatives, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), is scrutinised by reviewing literature in the past ten years. Besides the common global antioxidant effects, specific antiinflammatory mechanisms in the brain along with the various processes of β-amyloid formation, aggregation and neurotoxicity targets are discussed.
Conclusion: The mini-review also provides an insight into enhancing the therapeutic potential of existing anti-AD drugs by incorporating a CA structural moiety.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Habtemariam Solomon*, Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid and the Alzheimer's Brain: An Update, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 17 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666161130100947
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666161130100947 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Disorders
Mitochondria are the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, these organelles are an important source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in virtually any nucleated cell type. The modulation of a myriad of cellular signaling pathways depends on the mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Heme Oxygenase-Derived Carbon Monoxide Restores Vascular Function in Type 1 Diabetes
Drug Metabolism Letters Role of Nitrosative Stress and Activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 in Cardiovascular Failure Associated with Septic and Hemorrhagic Shock
Current Vascular Pharmacology Benzopyran Derivatives as Cardio-selective ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel Openers: A Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry KF/Clinoptilolite Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Green Synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolines using Four-Component Reaction of Alkyl Bromides
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Basement Membrane Promotes Ciliary Body Derived Cell Spheres Formation
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) Processed Foods, Dysbiosis, Systemic Inflammation, and Poor Health
Current Nutrition & Food Science Beneficial Effects of Dietary Supplements Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Synthetic and Natural Coumarins as Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Transmembrane Protein 166 and its Significance
Protein & Peptide Letters Progress Towards the Development of Anti-Inflammatory Inhibitors of IKKβ
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Hepatic Encephalopathy: Cause and Possible Management with Botanicals
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Misoprostol Reverse Hippocampal Neuron Cyclooxygenase-2 Downstream Signaling Imbalance in Aluminum-Overload Rats
Current Alzheimer Research Immunophilins and Cardiovascular Complications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ryanodine Receptor Patents
Recent Patents on Biotechnology From the Editors Perspective: Inflammatory Glial Cells of the Nervous System: Assistants or Assassins?
Current Neurovascular Research Anti-apoptotic Serpins as Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Cell Metabolism Under Microenvironmental Low Oxygen Tension Levels in Stemness, Proliferation and Pluripotency
Current Molecular Medicine Adrenomedullin: Exciting New Horizons
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Cell Surface Nucleolin as a Target for Anti-Cancer Therapies
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Phytochemicals as Prototypes for Pharmaceutical Leads Towards Drug Development Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design