Abstract
This review gives an overview of the phenolic compounds composition of cocoa beans and their modification during manufacturing processes to the final products. Recently published papers dealing with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different classes of cocoa phenolic compounds will be discussed. Modifications of the qualitative profile and amount of phenolic compounds in cocoa after the main processes of production chain, fermentation, drying, roasting, and alkalization, will be described.
The second part will focus on some of the biological effects described for cocoa phenolic compounds in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular health and endothelial function have been extensively investigated over the last decades, with interesting results from nutritional intervention trials and molecular studies. A few recent updates on the role of cocoa and chocolate consumption on sport performances will be reported.
Keywords: Polyphenols, cocoa beans, flavanols, processing, cardiovascular diseases, nitric oxide, blood pressure.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Cocoa Polyphenols: Chemistry, Bioavailability and Effects on Cardiovascular Performance
Volume: 25 Issue: 37
Author(s): Laura Dugo, Giusy Tripodo, Luca Santi and Chiara Fanali*
Affiliation:
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome,Italy
Keywords: Polyphenols, cocoa beans, flavanols, processing, cardiovascular diseases, nitric oxide, blood pressure.
Abstract: This review gives an overview of the phenolic compounds composition of cocoa beans and their modification during manufacturing processes to the final products. Recently published papers dealing with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different classes of cocoa phenolic compounds will be discussed. Modifications of the qualitative profile and amount of phenolic compounds in cocoa after the main processes of production chain, fermentation, drying, roasting, and alkalization, will be described.
The second part will focus on some of the biological effects described for cocoa phenolic compounds in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular health and endothelial function have been extensively investigated over the last decades, with interesting results from nutritional intervention trials and molecular studies. A few recent updates on the role of cocoa and chocolate consumption on sport performances will be reported.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dugo Laura, Tripodo Giusy, Santi Luca and Fanali Chiara*, Cocoa Polyphenols: Chemistry, Bioavailability and Effects on Cardiovascular Performance, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (37) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160919094339
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160919094339 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
13C Metabolic Flux Analysis: From the Principle to Recent Applications
Current Bioinformatics Anticancer Agents Based on Vulnerable Components in a Signalling Pathway
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Agonists of the Tissue-Protective Erythropoietin Receptor in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Targets of FTY720 (Fingolimod)
Current Molecular Medicine TRP Channels and Pain
Current Pharmaceutical Design A High Throughput Scintillation Proximity Imaging Assay for Protein Methyltransferases
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Effects of Anticancer Drugs in Reproductive Parameters of Juvenile Male Animals and Role of Protective Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of mTOR: An Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Peptides and Proteins in Cancer Therapy]
Protein & Peptide Letters Role of Caspases, Bax and Bcl-2 in Chrysin-Induced Apoptosis in the A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Epithelial Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Outcome-Dependent Global Similarity Analysis of Imbalanced Core Signaling Pathways in Ischemic Mouse Hippocampus
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Novel Subtype Specific and Universal Somatostatin Analogues: Clinical Potential and Pitfalls
Current Pharmaceutical Design Extrahepatic Targets and Cellular Reactivity of Drug Metabolites
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Purinome, a Complex Mix of Drug and Toxicity Targets
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry MMP-2 Selectivity in Hydroxamate-Type Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hot Melt Extruded and Injection Moulded Dosage Forms: Recent Research and Patents
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Biomarkers to Assess the Targeting of DNA Repair Pathways to Augment Tumor Response to Therapy
Current Molecular Medicine Towards the Chemoinformatic-Based Identification of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors: 2D- and 3D-Similarity Profile of Screening Libraries
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Does Sex Matter?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Microfluidic Methods for Non-Viral Gene Delivery
Current Gene Therapy