Abstract
Plenty of evidence has shown that an enhanced oxidative or nitrosative stress may play a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The suppressive effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) against oxidative/nitrosative stressinduced injury in nervous tissues has recently received increasing interest. A number of human experimental studies have concurred to demonstrate that they may exert a substantial preventive role, especially in the very early phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) preceding AD. It has been suggested that they may exert an indirect antioxidant/anti-nitrosative role by modulating the expression/ activity of several proteins involved in the modulation of oxidative stress in nervous tissues. In particular, recent data have supported the hypothesis that in the early phase of MCI the light to moderate oxidative stress triggered by not cytotoxic doses of n-3 PUFA can positively regulate the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This may result in the induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and other antioxidant proteins transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2. Alternatively, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant/anti-nitrosative effects of n-3 PUFA have been lately related to their ability to blunt microglia persistent activation occurring during chronic inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Evidences have been presented that n-3 PUFA may convert microglia from the macrophage M1 to an M2 phenotype showing lower production of neurotoxicoxidative factors and enhanced phagocytic activity toward Aβ peptide, or even to a further phenotype with neurotrophic/ protective properties.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, antioxidant, HO-1, microglia, Nrf2, n-3 PUFA.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Reduction of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Brain and its Involvement in the Neuroprotective Effect of n-3 PUFA in Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Simona Serini and Gabriella Calviello
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, antioxidant, HO-1, microglia, Nrf2, n-3 PUFA.
Abstract: Plenty of evidence has shown that an enhanced oxidative or nitrosative stress may play a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The suppressive effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) against oxidative/nitrosative stressinduced injury in nervous tissues has recently received increasing interest. A number of human experimental studies have concurred to demonstrate that they may exert a substantial preventive role, especially in the very early phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) preceding AD. It has been suggested that they may exert an indirect antioxidant/anti-nitrosative role by modulating the expression/ activity of several proteins involved in the modulation of oxidative stress in nervous tissues. In particular, recent data have supported the hypothesis that in the early phase of MCI the light to moderate oxidative stress triggered by not cytotoxic doses of n-3 PUFA can positively regulate the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This may result in the induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and other antioxidant proteins transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2. Alternatively, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant/anti-nitrosative effects of n-3 PUFA have been lately related to their ability to blunt microglia persistent activation occurring during chronic inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Evidences have been presented that n-3 PUFA may convert microglia from the macrophage M1 to an M2 phenotype showing lower production of neurotoxicoxidative factors and enhanced phagocytic activity toward Aβ peptide, or even to a further phenotype with neurotrophic/ protective properties.
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Cite this article as:
Serini Simona and Calviello Gabriella, Reduction of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Brain and its Involvement in the Neuroprotective Effect of n-3 PUFA in Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921101147
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921101147 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
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