Abstract
Reported rates of dementia differ by race, although most studies have not focused on carefully measured outcomes, confounding by education or other demographic factors, nor have they studied other outcomes other than dementia. In this review we will discuss the experience in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study evaluating racial disparities relating to stroke, subclinical brain infarction, leukoaraiosis, as well as cognitive change and dementia. ARIC is a biracial cohort of 15,792 participants from four U.S. communities, initially recruited in 1987-1989, and seen at a total of 5 in-person visits (most recently seen in 2011-2013) with annual follow-up phone calls. We will provide evidence from ARIC studies that disproportionate rates of vascular risk factors explain at least some of these observed disparities by race, but particular risk factors, including diabetes, may differentially affect the brain in African-American versus white participants. In addition, we will review some of the disparities by race in studies focusing on the genetics of stroke, small vessel disease, and dementia.
Keywords: Brain MRI, cognition, dementia, epidemiology, Racial disparities.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Brain Aging in African-Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Experience
Volume: 12 Issue: 7
Author(s): Rebecca F. Gottesman, Myriam Fornage, David S. Knopman and Thomas H. Mosley
Affiliation:
Keywords: Brain MRI, cognition, dementia, epidemiology, Racial disparities.
Abstract: Reported rates of dementia differ by race, although most studies have not focused on carefully measured outcomes, confounding by education or other demographic factors, nor have they studied other outcomes other than dementia. In this review we will discuss the experience in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study evaluating racial disparities relating to stroke, subclinical brain infarction, leukoaraiosis, as well as cognitive change and dementia. ARIC is a biracial cohort of 15,792 participants from four U.S. communities, initially recruited in 1987-1989, and seen at a total of 5 in-person visits (most recently seen in 2011-2013) with annual follow-up phone calls. We will provide evidence from ARIC studies that disproportionate rates of vascular risk factors explain at least some of these observed disparities by race, but particular risk factors, including diabetes, may differentially affect the brain in African-American versus white participants. In addition, we will review some of the disparities by race in studies focusing on the genetics of stroke, small vessel disease, and dementia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gottesman F. Rebecca, Fornage Myriam, Knopman S. David and Mosley H. Thomas, Brain Aging in African-Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Experience, Current Alzheimer Research 2015; 12 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150701102445
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150701102445 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Melatonin as Antioxidant Under Pathological Processes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Involvement of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2, Calcium Independent Phospholipase A2 and Plasmalogen Selective Phospholipase A2 in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Conditions
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Statins in Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Role of Nanomedicines in Delivery of Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Compounds to the Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Differential Regulation of Neurotoxin in HIV Clades: Role of Cocaine and Methamphetamine
Current HIV Research Hydrolases in Organic Chemistry. Recent Achievements in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Current Organic Chemistry Mechanisms of Melatonin in Alleviating Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Event-related Potentials Improve the Efficiency of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Prevalence of Pre-Existing Risk Factors for Adverse Events Associated with Atypical Antipsychotics Among Commercially Insured and Medicaid Insured Patients Newly Initiating Atypical Antipsychotics
Current Drug Safety Role of Mitochondrial Heat-shock Proteins and Immunophilins in Neuro Degenerative Diseases
Current Drug Targets Placebo Preparation for the Proper Clinical Trial of Herbal Medicine - Requirements, Verification and Quality Control
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery A Possible Link of Gut Microbiota Alteration in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenicity: An Update
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Efficacy of Vitamin K, A Member Of Naphthoquinones in the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Cancer Drug Targets Cannabinoids and Neuro-Inflammation: Regulation of Brain Immune Response
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) The Genetic Variation of ARRB2 is Associated with Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease in Han Chinese
Current Alzheimer Research Is Covalently Crosslinked Aβ Responsible for Synaptotoxicity in Alzheimers Disease?
Current Alzheimer Research Experimental and Clinical Application of Plasmid DNA in the Field of Central Nervous Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity in Patients with Pituitary Dysfunctions
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Aging Affects Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Brain
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Insights for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders with Apoptosis, Autophagy, FoxO, and mTOR
Current Neurovascular Research