Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been generally accepted that cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension is one of the major contributors to the increased risk of stroke. Volume-regulated Cl- channel (VRCC) and calcium-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) are the two predominant types of Cl- channels in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Recent studies have demonstrated that ClC-3, a member of the voltage-gated ClC Cl- channel family, is the molecular candidate for VRCC in VSMC. And TMEM16A, a member of anoctamin family, is responsible for the native CaCC of VSMC in brain vessels. It has been shown that VRCC activity is enhanced but CaCC activity is decreased in cerebral VSMC, paralleling the severity of cerebrovascular remodeling induced by hypertension. In the present review, we will highlight the recent findings regarding the important roles of these two channels in VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, vascular inflammation, reactive oxygen species production and cerebrovascular remodeling during the development of hypertension. In addition, the relationship between VRCC and clinical used agents for stroke prevention, such as statins, will be discussed. These findings suggest that Cl- channels may be potential new targets for the prevention of stroke.
Keywords: ClC-3, TMEM16A, cerebral vascular remodeling, stroke, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Chloride Channels − New Targets for the Prevention of Stroke
Volume: 13 Issue: 4
Author(s): Yan-Hua Du and Yong-Yuan Guan
Affiliation:
Keywords: ClC-3, TMEM16A, cerebral vascular remodeling, stroke, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation.
Abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been generally accepted that cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension is one of the major contributors to the increased risk of stroke. Volume-regulated Cl- channel (VRCC) and calcium-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) are the two predominant types of Cl- channels in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Recent studies have demonstrated that ClC-3, a member of the voltage-gated ClC Cl- channel family, is the molecular candidate for VRCC in VSMC. And TMEM16A, a member of anoctamin family, is responsible for the native CaCC of VSMC in brain vessels. It has been shown that VRCC activity is enhanced but CaCC activity is decreased in cerebral VSMC, paralleling the severity of cerebrovascular remodeling induced by hypertension. In the present review, we will highlight the recent findings regarding the important roles of these two channels in VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, vascular inflammation, reactive oxygen species production and cerebrovascular remodeling during the development of hypertension. In addition, the relationship between VRCC and clinical used agents for stroke prevention, such as statins, will be discussed. These findings suggest that Cl- channels may be potential new targets for the prevention of stroke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Du Yan-Hua and Guan Yong-Yuan, Chloride Channels − New Targets for the Prevention of Stroke, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2015; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666141014145040
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666141014145040 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A Giant Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm with Arteriovenous Fistulization
Current Medical Imaging Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cognitive Functions in Later Life
Current Alzheimer Research Ruta Montana Evokes Antihypertensive Activity Through an Increase of Prostaglandins Release in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Understanding Unmet Needs in the Older Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patient
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies in Patients Presenting with Diplopia
Current Medical Imaging Synthesis and Cholinesterase Inhibition Activity of New Pyrrolopyrimidine Derivatives
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Prodrug Strategies for Antihypertensives
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry PKC Delta and Epsilon in Drug Targeting and Therapeutics
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Study
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Cardiovascular Health vs Cardiovascular Risk A 2011 Update: Cardiovascular Risk Stratification, the Basis to Reach Therapeutic Goals
Current Hypertension Reviews Egg Proteins and Peptides in Human Health-Chemistry, Bioactivity and Production
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential Efficacy of Some African Plants in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation - Prognostic and Treatment Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Procedure for the Synthesis of Hantzsch Ethyl 1,4-Dihydro-2,6-Dimethylpyridine-3,5-Dicarboxylates Under Mild and Green Conditions
Letters in Organic Chemistry Disease-Related Changes in TRPV1 Expression and Its Implications for Drug Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Modeling the Interactions Between α1-Adrenergic Receptors and Their Antagonists
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Metabolic Syndrome the Gynecologist’s Approach
Current Women`s Health Reviews Cardiac SPECT-CT and PET-CT Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Tissue Inhibitors in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis and Prediction of the Cardiovascular Risk
Current Enzyme Inhibition L-Type Calcium Channels
Current Pharmaceutical Design