Abstract
Liver failure can lead to generalized hyperammonemia, which is thought to be the underlying cause of hepatic encephalopathy. This neuropsychiatric syndrome is accompanied by functional changes of astrocytes. These glial cells enter ammonia-induced self-amplifying cycle characterized by brain oedema, oxidative and osmotic stress that causes modification of proteins and RNA. Consequently, protein expression and function are affected, including that of glutamine synthetase and plasmalemmal glutamate transporters, leading to glutamate excitotoxicity; Ca2+-dependent exocytotic glutamate release from astrocytes contributes to this extracellular glutamate overload.
Keywords: Astrocytes, exocytosis, glutamate release, hepatic encephalopathy.
Current Neuropharmacology
Title:Pathological Role for Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Astrocytes in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Author(s): Vedrana Montana, Alexei Verkhratsky and Vladimir Parpura
Affiliation:
Keywords: Astrocytes, exocytosis, glutamate release, hepatic encephalopathy.
Abstract: Liver failure can lead to generalized hyperammonemia, which is thought to be the underlying cause of hepatic encephalopathy. This neuropsychiatric syndrome is accompanied by functional changes of astrocytes. These glial cells enter ammonia-induced self-amplifying cycle characterized by brain oedema, oxidative and osmotic stress that causes modification of proteins and RNA. Consequently, protein expression and function are affected, including that of glutamine synthetase and plasmalemmal glutamate transporters, leading to glutamate excitotoxicity; Ca2+-dependent exocytotic glutamate release from astrocytes contributes to this extracellular glutamate overload.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Montana Vedrana, Verkhratsky Alexei and Parpura Vladimir, Pathological Role for Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Astrocytes in Hepatic Encephalopathy, Current Neuropharmacology 2014; 12 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X12666140903094700
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X12666140903094700 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Phytosomes as Biocompatible Carriers of Natural Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Viral Product Trafficking to Mitochondria, Mechanisms and Roles in Pathogenesis
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Chromatin Structure and Epigenetics of Tumour Cells: A Review
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Cardiopulmonary Interactions in Children with Heart Failure
Current Cardiology Reviews Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Functional Role of the Plasma Membrane Dopamine Transporter
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Therapeutic Implications of Immunoparalysis in Critically Ill Patients
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) P2Y Receptors: Focus on Structural, Pharmacological and Functional Aspects in the Brain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Rho GTPase Effector Functions in Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis
Current Drug Targets Filtering Disturbances in Schizophrenic Patients. Gating of Auditory Evoked Potentials and Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Response Compared. Emphasis on the Role of Dopamine
Current Neuropharmacology Contrast Agents in X-Ray Computed Tomography and Its Applications in Oncology
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Why Antidiabetic Vanadium Complexes are Not in the Pipeline of “Big Pharma” Drug Research? A Critical Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacotherapy and Prevention of Vascular Dementia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Current Protein-based Anti-angiogenic Therapeutics
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors in Gastrointestinal Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimers Disease: Theory and Practice
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Intracranial MR Dynamics in Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimers Disease: The Emerging Concept of “Pulse Wave Encephalopathy”
Current Alzheimer Research Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations and Autoimmune Disorders: Mechanisms of Action
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Aging: Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Targeted Nucleic Acid Delivery to Mitochondria
Current Gene Therapy Metformin: A Growing Journey from Glycemic Control to the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression
Current Medicinal Chemistry