Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is a ubiquitous enzyme whose major role is to hydrolyze the important second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the central nervous system, pharmacological inhibition of PDE2 results in boosted cAMP and/or cGMP signaling, which is responsible for series of changes in protein expression relevant to psychiatric and learning and memory disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and cognition deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. In the periphery, inhibition of PDE2 exhibits beneficial effects in the diseased cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, skeletal muscles and Candida albicans-caused systemic infections. Even though blood-brain barrier penetration properties and selectivity of currently available PDE2 inhibitors have hindered them from entering clinical trials, PDE2 is still of great potential therapeutic values in different categories of diseases, and there is demand for development of new generation drugs targeting PDE2 for treatment of diseases in central nervous and peripheral systems.
Keywords: Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2), cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), emotion, cognition, cardiovascular health, respiratory health, systemic infection.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:The Roles of Phosphodiesterase 2 in the Central Nervous and Peripheral Systems
Volume: 21 Issue: 3
Author(s): Chong Zhang, Yingcong Yu, Lina Ruan, Chuang Wang, Jianchun Pan, Jonathan Klabnik, Lindsay Lueptow, Han-Ting Zhang, James M. O’Donnell and Ying Xu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2), cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), emotion, cognition, cardiovascular health, respiratory health, systemic infection.
Abstract: Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is a ubiquitous enzyme whose major role is to hydrolyze the important second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the central nervous system, pharmacological inhibition of PDE2 results in boosted cAMP and/or cGMP signaling, which is responsible for series of changes in protein expression relevant to psychiatric and learning and memory disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and cognition deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. In the periphery, inhibition of PDE2 exhibits beneficial effects in the diseased cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, skeletal muscles and Candida albicans-caused systemic infections. Even though blood-brain barrier penetration properties and selectivity of currently available PDE2 inhibitors have hindered them from entering clinical trials, PDE2 is still of great potential therapeutic values in different categories of diseases, and there is demand for development of new generation drugs targeting PDE2 for treatment of diseases in central nervous and peripheral systems.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zhang Chong, Yu Yingcong, Ruan Lina, Wang Chuang, Pan Jianchun, Klabnik Jonathan, Lueptow Lindsay, Zhang Han-Ting, O’Donnell James M. and Xu Ying, The Roles of Phosphodiesterase 2 in the Central Nervous and Peripheral Systems, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140826115245
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140826115245 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
REM Sleep Loss and Recovery Regulates Blood-Brain Barrier Function
Current Neurovascular Research Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimers Disease and Diabetes
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Asthma in Pregnancy: From Conventional Drugs to New Therapeutical Approaches
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Analysis of the Clinical Diagnostic Value of GMFB in Cerebral Infarction
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Cerebral Arachidonate Cascade in Dementia: Alzheimers Disease and Vascular Dementia
Current Neuropharmacology Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Role of Vitamins, and Herbal Extracts in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Risks
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chromogranin A and the Endothelial Barrier Function
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ex Vivo Gene Transfer for Improvement of Transplanted Pancreatic Islet Viability and Function
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inhibitors of the Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 as Alternative to Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) – A Critical Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry From Rapid to Delayed and Remote Postconditioning: The Evolving Concept of Ischemic Postconditioning in Brain Ischemia
Current Drug Targets Interleukin-18, From Neuroinflammation to Alzheimers Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Disease-Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Population Pharmacokinetics of Phenytoin Based on NONMEM in Patients with Intracranial Tumor During the First Week of Post-Craniotomy
Current Drug Metabolism Can Decision Making Research Provide a Better Understanding of Chemical and Behavioral Addictions?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges
Current Neuropharmacology Commentary (Research Highlights: Transcranial Drug Delivery for Neurological Disorders)
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Melatonin as a Therapeutic Resource for Inflammatory Visual Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Role of Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor in the Protection of Cerebral Vascular Endothelium, White Matter, and Cognition
Current Neurovascular Research Endogenous Regulation of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Goal Directed Fluid Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design