Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with premature mortality, severe morbidity, and functional impairment leading to considerable financial burden for both patients and society. Since disease progression and complications can differ from one patient to another, genetic markers are of potential relevance for identifying those individuals at a higher risk of more severe disease. RA is a complex polygenic disease. Cardiovascular (CV) disease due to accelerated atherogenesis is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with RA. Several studies support the implication of genetic factors in the development of CV disease in RA. In addition to the strong association between alleles of the HLA-DRB1*04 shared epitope and both subclinical and clinically evident CV disease, genes implicated in inflammation and metabolism, such as TNFA, MTHFR, and CCR5, seem to be associated with a higher risk of CV disease in patients with RA. We propose the use of these genetic variants as molecular biomarkers that could help to predict disease outcome at diagnosis of RA and, therefore, to optimize the treatment and management of other risk factors from an early stage of the disease.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, outcome, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Rheumatoid Arthritis: Genetic Variants as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
Volume: 21 Issue: 2
Author(s): Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Raquel López-Mejias, Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Balsa, Miguel A. González-Gay and Javier Martín
Affiliation:
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, outcome, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with premature mortality, severe morbidity, and functional impairment leading to considerable financial burden for both patients and society. Since disease progression and complications can differ from one patient to another, genetic markers are of potential relevance for identifying those individuals at a higher risk of more severe disease. RA is a complex polygenic disease. Cardiovascular (CV) disease due to accelerated atherogenesis is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with RA. Several studies support the implication of genetic factors in the development of CV disease in RA. In addition to the strong association between alleles of the HLA-DRB1*04 shared epitope and both subclinical and clinically evident CV disease, genes implicated in inflammation and metabolism, such as TNFA, MTHFR, and CCR5, seem to be associated with a higher risk of CV disease in patients with RA. We propose the use of these genetic variants as molecular biomarkers that could help to predict disease outcome at diagnosis of RA and, therefore, to optimize the treatment and management of other risk factors from an early stage of the disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rodriguez-Rodriguez Luis, López-Mejias Raquel, Fernández-Gutiérrez Benjamín, Balsa Alejandro, A. González-Gay Miguel and Martín Javier, Rheumatoid Arthritis: Genetic Variants as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140825123407
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140825123407 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Computational Methods for De novo Protein Design and its Applications to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1, Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase, Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7, and Histone Demethylases
Current Drug Targets Construction of an Anti-IL-1β scfv and TNFRI Fusion Protein and Its Therapeutic Effect on RA Mice Model
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology “How to Manage Loss of Response to Anti-TNF in Crohns Disease?”
Current Drug Targets The Role of Adipokines in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews Evaluation of the Risk/Benefit Ratio of Old and New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot topic: Bisphosphonates and Bone Diseases: Past, Present and Future (Guest Editor: Dominique HEYMANN)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Drug Interactions between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Cardiovascular Treatments (Except Anti-Agregant Therapy)
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Link Between Klebsiella and Ankylosing Spondylitis in Worldwide Geographical Locations
Current Rheumatology Reviews Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine Involvement of Membrane Channels in Autoimmune Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role and Function of Adenosine and its Receptors in Inflammation, Neuroinflammation, IBS, Autoimmune Inflammatory Disorders, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Melatonin, A Natural Programmed Cell Death Inducer in Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic (1): Update on Inflammatory Processes Governing Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability and Reperfusion Injury (Guest Editors: Fabrizio Montecucco and Francois Mach)]
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Computational Analysis of Interactions of Argadin with Chitotriosidase, Chitinase and Acidic Mammalian Chitinase: Hints for Specific Inhibitor Design
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Application of Transcriptome Analysis to Clinical Pharmacology Studies
Current Molecular Medicine Etiological and Biological Aspects of Cigarette Smoking in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Loaded Liposomes for Topical Treatment of Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions
Current Medicinal Chemistry Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Target for the Design of Gene and Pharmaceutical Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Innovative Concepts of Cell Therapy: Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells and New Bio-Material Solution in Research and Clinical Application
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture