Abstract
Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes which further directs to end stage renal disease. Extensive work has been done to find out the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of the DN. Now, many researchers have been convinced that almost all of the molecular mediators and intracellular signaling pathways involved in progression of diabetic nephropathy have involvement in transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) at some stage.
In DN, hyperglycemia causes increase in the expression of TGF- β genes, TGF- β proteins and their receptors. Increased glucose level mediates these effects through activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway, increases advanced glycation end products (AGE) and increases oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia also activates the TGF- β via activation of glucose transporters (GLUT), angiotensine II and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Activated TGF-β further leads to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and glomerulosclerosis through activation of connective tissue growth factor (CDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
We have discussed the progression of hyperglycemia to DN via TGF- β, whose schematic presentation may serve as an effective way to understand the mechanisms and to find out an effective way for the management of diabetic nephropathy.
Keywords: AGE, GBM, glomerulosclerosis, PDGF, protein kinase C, VEGF.
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title:Hyperglycemia to Nephropathy via Transforming Growth Factor Beta
Volume: 10 Issue: 3
Author(s): Mayuresh Sudamrao Garud and Yogesh Anant Kulkarni
Affiliation:
Keywords: AGE, GBM, glomerulosclerosis, PDGF, protein kinase C, VEGF.
Abstract: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes which further directs to end stage renal disease. Extensive work has been done to find out the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of the DN. Now, many researchers have been convinced that almost all of the molecular mediators and intracellular signaling pathways involved in progression of diabetic nephropathy have involvement in transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) at some stage.
In DN, hyperglycemia causes increase in the expression of TGF- β genes, TGF- β proteins and their receptors. Increased glucose level mediates these effects through activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway, increases advanced glycation end products (AGE) and increases oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia also activates the TGF- β via activation of glucose transporters (GLUT), angiotensine II and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Activated TGF-β further leads to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and glomerulosclerosis through activation of connective tissue growth factor (CDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
We have discussed the progression of hyperglycemia to DN via TGF- β, whose schematic presentation may serve as an effective way to understand the mechanisms and to find out an effective way for the management of diabetic nephropathy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Garud Sudamrao Mayuresh and Kulkarni Anant Yogesh, Hyperglycemia to Nephropathy via Transforming Growth Factor Beta, Current Diabetes Reviews 2014; 10 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399810666140606103645
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399810666140606103645 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Glucose Transporters in Normal and Diabetic Kidneys
Current Enzyme Inhibition Irbesartan: Second Generation of ARB as Metabosartan
Current Hypertension Reviews Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Effects on Hypertensive Target Organ Damage
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Current Diabetes Reviews Unravelling the Antioxidant Potential, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Phenolic Composition of Dendrocalamus strictus Plantations Generated Biomass Waste (Leaves)
The Natural Products Journal Therapeutic Targeting of NLRP3 Inflammasomes by Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals: A Novel Mechanistic Approach for Inflammatory Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Rubosixtaurin and other pkc Inhibitors in Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema. Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Perceptions in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with or Without the Use of Insulin Pump: An Online Study
Current Diabetes Reviews Intracellular Signaling of the Aging Suppressor Protein Klotho
Current Molecular Medicine Is Atorvastatin Superior to Other Statins? Analysis of the Clinical Trials with Atorvastatin Having Cardiovascular Endpoints
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A and its Role in Cardiovascular Disease. Biology, Experimental/Clinical Evidences and Potential Therapeutic Approaches
Current Vascular Pharmacology Medicinal Agents and Metabolic Syndrome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Diabetes Therapy: Novel Patents Targeting the Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the Multifaceted HuR Protein, Benefits and Caveats
Current Drug Targets Leptin in Non-Autoimmune Inflammation
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Urotensin II: Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Activity
Current Protein & Peptide Science From Multiple PAR1 Receptor/Protein Interactions to their Multiple Therapeutic Implications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Uric Acid and Methyl Derivatives in the Prevention of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Gene/Cell Therapy Approaches for Immune Dysregulation Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-Linked Syndrome
Current Gene Therapy