Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Although, many putative biomarkers are reported for AD, only a few have been validated in the clinical setting. Ubiquitin levels increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD, but its diagnostic value is not clear. In this present study we evaluate the performance of ubiquitin as a diagnostic marker and deduce a statistical association with disease pathology in AD. Ubiquitin levels were estimated in subjects with AD, other forms of dementias, neurological disorders and healthy age matched population. The levels of ubiquitin were significantly higher in subjects with AD when compared with other groups (p<0.0001). A significant positive correlation was observed between ubiquitin, tau and apolipoprotein Eε4 genotype; with Aβ42 the correlation was negative. By comparing the effect size of the association between ubiquitin and a diagnosis of AD, we find that high ubiquitin levels are specific for AD. We obtained an odds ratio of 5.6 (95% CI 5.0-7.7) for ubiquitin, towards a diagnosis of AD based on clinical criteria, CSF biomarker signature (Aβ42+tau) and apolipoprotein Eε4 genotype. Hence, all our findings taken together provide a strong statistical association linking ubiquitin to the pathology in AD. We also find that, the performance of ubiquitin as a diagnostic marker is comparable to that of CSF Aβ42 or tau or apolipoprotein Eε4 genotype considered individually.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta, apolipoprotein Eε4. biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, ubiquitin.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:CSF Ubiquitin As a Specific Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease
Volume: 11 Issue: 4
Author(s): Ramesh J. Kandimalla, R. Anand, R. Veeramanikandan, Willayat Yousuf Wani, Sudesh Prabhakar, Vinod K. Grover, Neerja Bharadwaj, Kajal Jain and Kiran Dip Gill
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta, apolipoprotein Eε4. biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, ubiquitin.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Although, many putative biomarkers are reported for AD, only a few have been validated in the clinical setting. Ubiquitin levels increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD, but its diagnostic value is not clear. In this present study we evaluate the performance of ubiquitin as a diagnostic marker and deduce a statistical association with disease pathology in AD. Ubiquitin levels were estimated in subjects with AD, other forms of dementias, neurological disorders and healthy age matched population. The levels of ubiquitin were significantly higher in subjects with AD when compared with other groups (p<0.0001). A significant positive correlation was observed between ubiquitin, tau and apolipoprotein Eε4 genotype; with Aβ42 the correlation was negative. By comparing the effect size of the association between ubiquitin and a diagnosis of AD, we find that high ubiquitin levels are specific for AD. We obtained an odds ratio of 5.6 (95% CI 5.0-7.7) for ubiquitin, towards a diagnosis of AD based on clinical criteria, CSF biomarker signature (Aβ42+tau) and apolipoprotein Eε4 genotype. Hence, all our findings taken together provide a strong statistical association linking ubiquitin to the pathology in AD. We also find that, the performance of ubiquitin as a diagnostic marker is comparable to that of CSF Aβ42 or tau or apolipoprotein Eε4 genotype considered individually.
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Kandimalla J. Ramesh, Anand R., Veeramanikandan R., Wani Yousuf Willayat, Prabhakar Sudesh, Grover K. Vinod, Bharadwaj Neerja, Jain Kajal and Gill Dip Kiran, CSF Ubiquitin As a Specific Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2014; 11 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205011666140331161027
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205011666140331161027 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
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Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
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