Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a widespread disease of the arterial system that is generated by injury to the vasculature due to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and inflammatory diseases. In the current review, we discuss the role of different risk factors, including obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerosis, which may ultimately lead to either cardiovascular or cerebral complication. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in conjunction with obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the etiology of atherosclerosis. We discuss the role of inflammation with regards to reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to the specific risk factors. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in conjunction with ROS is also important. Correlations of inflammatory cytokines and their functions in the mentioned risk factors are also discussed. The risk factors may ultimately lead to ischemic events, including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction. Importantly, it seems as if there is a combination of pathophysiological triggers that may eventually result in atherosclerosis. Therefore, atherosclerosis is not the result of only one risk factor, but a combination of various physiological processes such as homeostasis and the inflammatory response. Ultimately, each patient's risk profile is unique and determines their immediate risk for acute thrombotic events or lethal ischemia.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, ischemia, obesity.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Obesity, Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia as Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis Leading to Ischemic Events
Volume: 21 Issue: 19
Author(s): Mia-Jeanne van Rooy and E. Pretorius
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, ischemia, obesity.
Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a widespread disease of the arterial system that is generated by injury to the vasculature due to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and inflammatory diseases. In the current review, we discuss the role of different risk factors, including obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerosis, which may ultimately lead to either cardiovascular or cerebral complication. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in conjunction with obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the etiology of atherosclerosis. We discuss the role of inflammation with regards to reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to the specific risk factors. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in conjunction with ROS is also important. Correlations of inflammatory cytokines and their functions in the mentioned risk factors are also discussed. The risk factors may ultimately lead to ischemic events, including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction. Importantly, it seems as if there is a combination of pathophysiological triggers that may eventually result in atherosclerosis. Therefore, atherosclerosis is not the result of only one risk factor, but a combination of various physiological processes such as homeostasis and the inflammatory response. Ultimately, each patient's risk profile is unique and determines their immediate risk for acute thrombotic events or lethal ischemia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rooy van Mia-Jeanne and Pretorius E., Obesity, Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia as Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis Leading to Ischemic Events, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131227162950
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131227162950 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Treatment for Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Late Effects: Spoiled for Choice or Looking in the Wrong Direction?
Current Drug Targets New Insights into the Pleiotropic Effects of Statins for Stroke Prevention
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advance in Isoform-Specific Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase
Current Enzyme Inhibition Redox-Driven Events in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and their Clinical Implications
Current HIV Research A Brief Overview on Chemistry and Biology of Benzoxepine
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Esophagogastric Cancer: Integration of Targeted Therapies into Systemic Chemotherapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Adrenomedullin in Cardiovascular Disease: A Useful Biomarker, its Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Application
Current Protein & Peptide Science The Role of Tai Chi in Mental Health Management—Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Designing Multi-Targeted Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Incidence and Risk Factors for Tenofovir-Associated Renal Function Decline Among Thai HIV-Infected Patients with Low-Body Weight
Current HIV Research Can Host Cell Proteins Like ACE2, ADAM17, TMPRSS2, Androgen Receptor be the Efficient Targets in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?
Current Drug Targets NAD(P)H Oxidase Activation: A Potential Target Mechanism for Diabetic Vascular Complications, Progressive β-Cell Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome
Current Drug Targets Subject Index to Volume 1
Current Pharmacogenomics Cerebrovascular Profile Assessment in Parkinson's Disease Patients
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Drug Therapy Aimed at Adenylyl Cyclase to Regulate Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Pathomechanism, Biomarkers and Drug Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry Perioperative Considerations in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Nitric Oxide is a Central Common Metabolite in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Diseases of Human Pregnancy
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Role of Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerases in Aging and Vascular Diseases
Current Molecular Pharmacology By Discontinuing Beta-Blockers Before an Exercise Test, We may Precipitate a Rebound Phenomenon
Current Vascular Pharmacology