Abstract
After the revolutionary Rotterdam study that suggested there was an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a number of studies have provided direct evidence for the linkage between AD and T2DM. In recent years, AD is considered as a neuroendocrine disorder, also referred as type-3 diabetes. There is a growing list of evidence to suggest that, in addition to impaired insulin signaling, there are a number of additional factors that may act as mechanistic links between AD and T2DM. These factors mainly include hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, hypercystinemia, inflammation, impaired insulin signaling and impaired central nervous response to the adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin. Increased cholesterol plays a crucial role in the abnormal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein, leading to the accumulation of β-amyloid. In addition to impaired insulin signaling, diabetes has been found to accelerate the appearance of cerebrovascular inflammation and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition. Increased oxidative stress and production of advanced glycation end products are other probable marker linkages. However, the details of many of these molecular links still require extensive investigation. It is possible that a number of common molecular linkages exist between T2DM and AD. Understanding and analyzing the various molecular linkages between AD and T2DM may shed light on new tools that can be used for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD and also accelerate the identification of T2DM patients who are at high risk of AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseases, diabetes, inflammation, insulin resistance, amyloid peptide, acetylcholine, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, conformational diseases, telomere shortening.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Molecular Linkages Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Prospects
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Tanveer A. Dar, Ishfaq A. Sheikh, Showkat A. Ganie, Riyasat Ali, Laishram R. Singh, Siew Hua Gan, Mohammad A. Kamal and Mohammad A. Zargar
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseases, diabetes, inflammation, insulin resistance, amyloid peptide, acetylcholine, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, conformational diseases, telomere shortening.
Abstract: After the revolutionary Rotterdam study that suggested there was an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a number of studies have provided direct evidence for the linkage between AD and T2DM. In recent years, AD is considered as a neuroendocrine disorder, also referred as type-3 diabetes. There is a growing list of evidence to suggest that, in addition to impaired insulin signaling, there are a number of additional factors that may act as mechanistic links between AD and T2DM. These factors mainly include hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, hypercystinemia, inflammation, impaired insulin signaling and impaired central nervous response to the adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin. Increased cholesterol plays a crucial role in the abnormal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein, leading to the accumulation of β-amyloid. In addition to impaired insulin signaling, diabetes has been found to accelerate the appearance of cerebrovascular inflammation and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition. Increased oxidative stress and production of advanced glycation end products are other probable marker linkages. However, the details of many of these molecular links still require extensive investigation. It is possible that a number of common molecular linkages exist between T2DM and AD. Understanding and analyzing the various molecular linkages between AD and T2DM may shed light on new tools that can be used for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD and also accelerate the identification of T2DM patients who are at high risk of AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dar A. Tanveer, Sheikh A. Ishfaq, Ganie A. Showkat, Ali Riyasat, Singh R. Laishram, Gan Hua Siew, Kamal A. Mohammad and Zargar A. Mohammad, Molecular Linkages Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Prospects, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113126660135
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113126660135 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Challenges and Perspectives of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Experimental Rodent Models of Vascular Dementia: A Systematic Review
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Carbonyl-Induced Enzyme Inhibition: Mechanisms and New Perspectives
Current Enzyme Inhibition From Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury to Possible Sporadic Alzheimers Disease
Current Neurovascular Research The Early Involvement of the Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Lateonset Alzheimers Disease: Neuropathological, Epidemiological and Genetic Evidence
Current Alzheimer Research Design of Novel Biphenyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Derivatives as Potential Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP)-1B Inhibitors Using Molecular Docking Study
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Systemic Adverse Drug Reactions Secondary to Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injection in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Current Vascular Pharmacology Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Stroke Suggests Increased Risk of Dementia
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial (Diabetes, Obesity and Vascular Disease - An Update)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Approach on AGE-RAGE Interaction and Its Function in Diabetic Inflammation Process
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Association in the Treatment of Hypertension
Current Vascular Pharmacology Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Diabetes. Beyond Vascular Complications
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Role of the Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 Gene in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for the Treatment
Current Genomics Angiogenic and Antiangiogenic Factors in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Stroke in Women - Oral Contraception, Pregnancy, and Hormone Replacement Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Misfolded Proteins Formation in Alzheimer's Disease
Protein & Peptide Letters The Role of Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials
Current Diabetes Reviews Quality of Life in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Involvement of the Toxic AGEs (TAGE)-RAGE System in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Vascular Complications: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy
Current Drug Targets