Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Later studies indicated that GPR4 can serve as a proton sensor. GPR4 has been known to play a critical role in the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, and GPR4 overexpression is observed in various types of malignancies, suggesting its involvement in the cancer- related angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the GPR4 expression levels in blood vessels of ovarian cancer, and analyzed the relationship between GPR4 expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC). Results from immunohistochemistry showed that GPR4 is detectable in the endothelium of vessels of both EOC and benign ovarian tumor tissue, but the expression levels were significantly increased in EOC. Moreover the increased expression is accompanied by a higher microvascular density (MVD) in EOC compared to that in the benign ovarian tumors. We demonstrated a positive correlation between GPR4 expression density and MVD in EOC, but not benign ovarian tumor tissues. Further analyses indicated that GPR4 expression and MVD in EOC were correlated to the status of lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, but not significantly correlated to the pathological classifications, histopathological grades, the amounts of ascites, status of peritoneal cytology, tumor sizes, or patients’ ages. These results suggested that GPR4 may play an important role in the development of EOC, and its overexpression might be required for the angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis of EOC.
Keywords: G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), microvascular density, epithelial ovarian carcinoma, pathological characteristics, clinical characteristics.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Relations between GPR4 Expression, Microvascular Density (MVD) and Clinical Pathological Characteristics of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC)
Volume: 20 Issue: 11
Author(s): Juan Ren, Wen Jin, Yan-e Gao, Yuelang Zhang, Xiaozhi Zhang, Dongli Zhao, Hongbing Ma, Zongfang Li, Jiansheng Wang, Lisha Xiao, Rui Liu, Yuanyuan Chen, Jiansheng Qian, liying Niu, Hongxia Wei and Yan Liu
Affiliation:
Keywords: G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), microvascular density, epithelial ovarian carcinoma, pathological characteristics, clinical characteristics.
Abstract: G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Later studies indicated that GPR4 can serve as a proton sensor. GPR4 has been known to play a critical role in the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, and GPR4 overexpression is observed in various types of malignancies, suggesting its involvement in the cancer- related angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the GPR4 expression levels in blood vessels of ovarian cancer, and analyzed the relationship between GPR4 expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC). Results from immunohistochemistry showed that GPR4 is detectable in the endothelium of vessels of both EOC and benign ovarian tumor tissue, but the expression levels were significantly increased in EOC. Moreover the increased expression is accompanied by a higher microvascular density (MVD) in EOC compared to that in the benign ovarian tumors. We demonstrated a positive correlation between GPR4 expression density and MVD in EOC, but not benign ovarian tumor tissues. Further analyses indicated that GPR4 expression and MVD in EOC were correlated to the status of lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, but not significantly correlated to the pathological classifications, histopathological grades, the amounts of ascites, status of peritoneal cytology, tumor sizes, or patients’ ages. These results suggested that GPR4 may play an important role in the development of EOC, and its overexpression might be required for the angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis of EOC.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ren Juan, Jin Wen, Gao Yan-e, Zhang Yuelang, Zhang Xiaozhi, Zhao Dongli, Ma Hongbing, Li Zongfang, Wang Jiansheng, Xiao Lisha, Liu Rui, Chen Yuanyuan, Qian Jiansheng, Niu liying, Wei Hongxia and Liu Yan, Relations between GPR4 Expression, Microvascular Density (MVD) and Clinical Pathological Characteristics of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC), Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990530
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990530 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Circulating Levels of Angiogenic Cytokines in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia: Clinical Correlations
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Oncotarget Strategies For Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Current Gene Therapy Significance of Prion and Prion-Like Proteins in Cancer Development, Progression and Multi-Drug Resistance
Current Cancer Drug Targets Endogenous Factors in the Recovery of Reproductive Function After Testicular Injury and Cancer
Current Molecular Medicine Rational Drug Design of G-Quartet DNA as Anti-Cancer Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Angiogenesis as a Prognostic Factor of Breast Cancer: Recent Review
Current Women`s Health Reviews Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Sonoelastography for Pelvic Metastatic Malignant Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report
Current Medical Imaging Novel Folate-Hydroxamate Based Antimetabolites: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Medicinal Chemistry Recognition of Invasive Prostate Cancer Using a GHRL Polypeptide Probe Targeting GHSR in a Mouse Model <I>In Vivo</I>
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Advances in Enone and NO-Releasing Derivatives of Oleanolic Acid with Anti-cancer Activity
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Fibroblast Activation Protein in Remodeling Tissues
Current Molecular Medicine Tamoxifen and its New Derivatives in Cancer Research
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Redox Regulation in the Base Excision Repair Pathway: Old and New Players as Cancer Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Growth Factors in Arthritis: A Rational for Restoring the IGF-I Response in Chondrocytes
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Significance of Transferrin Receptors in Oncology: the Development of Functional Nano-based Drug Delivery Systems
Current Drug Delivery Combined Treatment with CCI779 and SB203580 Induces Cellular Senescence in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Line via p53 Pathway
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Serine-Threonine Protein Kinases CK1, CK2 and GSK3 in Normal and Malignant Haematopoiesis
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Are Selenoproteins Important for the Cancer Protective Effects of Selenium?
Current Nutrition & Food Science Bioinformatic Tools Identify Chromosome-Specific DNA Probes and Facilitate Risk Assessment by Detecting Aneusomies in Extra-embryonic Tissues
Current Genomics