Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Later studies indicated that GPR4 can serve as a proton sensor. GPR4 has been known to play a critical role in the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, and GPR4 overexpression is observed in various types of malignancies, suggesting its involvement in the cancer- related angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the GPR4 expression levels in blood vessels of ovarian cancer, and analyzed the relationship between GPR4 expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC). Results from immunohistochemistry showed that GPR4 is detectable in the endothelium of vessels of both EOC and benign ovarian tumor tissue, but the expression levels were significantly increased in EOC. Moreover the increased expression is accompanied by a higher microvascular density (MVD) in EOC compared to that in the benign ovarian tumors. We demonstrated a positive correlation between GPR4 expression density and MVD in EOC, but not benign ovarian tumor tissues. Further analyses indicated that GPR4 expression and MVD in EOC were correlated to the status of lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, but not significantly correlated to the pathological classifications, histopathological grades, the amounts of ascites, status of peritoneal cytology, tumor sizes, or patients’ ages. These results suggested that GPR4 may play an important role in the development of EOC, and its overexpression might be required for the angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis of EOC.
Keywords: G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), microvascular density, epithelial ovarian carcinoma, pathological characteristics, clinical characteristics.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Relations between GPR4 Expression, Microvascular Density (MVD) and Clinical Pathological Characteristics of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC)
Volume: 20 Issue: 11
Author(s): Juan Ren, Wen Jin, Yan-e Gao, Yuelang Zhang, Xiaozhi Zhang, Dongli Zhao, Hongbing Ma, Zongfang Li, Jiansheng Wang, Lisha Xiao, Rui Liu, Yuanyuan Chen, Jiansheng Qian, liying Niu, Hongxia Wei and Yan Liu
Affiliation:
Keywords: G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), microvascular density, epithelial ovarian carcinoma, pathological characteristics, clinical characteristics.
Abstract: G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Later studies indicated that GPR4 can serve as a proton sensor. GPR4 has been known to play a critical role in the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, and GPR4 overexpression is observed in various types of malignancies, suggesting its involvement in the cancer- related angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the GPR4 expression levels in blood vessels of ovarian cancer, and analyzed the relationship between GPR4 expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC). Results from immunohistochemistry showed that GPR4 is detectable in the endothelium of vessels of both EOC and benign ovarian tumor tissue, but the expression levels were significantly increased in EOC. Moreover the increased expression is accompanied by a higher microvascular density (MVD) in EOC compared to that in the benign ovarian tumors. We demonstrated a positive correlation between GPR4 expression density and MVD in EOC, but not benign ovarian tumor tissues. Further analyses indicated that GPR4 expression and MVD in EOC were correlated to the status of lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, but not significantly correlated to the pathological classifications, histopathological grades, the amounts of ascites, status of peritoneal cytology, tumor sizes, or patients’ ages. These results suggested that GPR4 may play an important role in the development of EOC, and its overexpression might be required for the angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis of EOC.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ren Juan, Jin Wen, Gao Yan-e, Zhang Yuelang, Zhang Xiaozhi, Zhao Dongli, Ma Hongbing, Li Zongfang, Wang Jiansheng, Xiao Lisha, Liu Rui, Chen Yuanyuan, Qian Jiansheng, Niu liying, Wei Hongxia and Liu Yan, Relations between GPR4 Expression, Microvascular Density (MVD) and Clinical Pathological Characteristics of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC), Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990530
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990530 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A Combined Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Research of Quinolinone Derivatives as Androgen Receptor Antagonists
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Pharmacogenetics of Cytochromes P450 in Tropical Medicine
Current Drug Targets A Closer Look at α-Secretase
Current Alzheimer Research Negative Glucocorticoid Receptor Response Elements and their Role in Glucocorticoid Action
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeted Theranostics Against Solid Cancer Using Metal Bond Milk Protein and Aptamers
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Necrosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Imaging Probe Development Using Microfluidics
Current Organic Synthesis The Effects of Microcystins (Cyanobacterial Heptapeptides) on the Eukaryotic Cytoskeletal System
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2-(ω-Carboxyethyl)pyrrole Antibody as a New Inhibitor of Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Harnessing Telomerase in Cancer Therapeutics
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Target Acquired: Progress and Promise of Targeted Therapeutics in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Recent Advances in Anti-Survivin Treatments for Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Cancer Drug Design Using Natural and Synthetic Pharmacophores
Current Organic Chemistry Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications
Current Diabetes Reviews Observations on the Use of the Avian Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Model in Investigations into Angiogenesis
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Double Layered Hydroxides as Potential Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets
Current Cancer Drug Targets Are Selenoproteins Important for the Cancer Protective Effects of Selenium?
Current Nutrition & Food Science Peptide Vaccines for Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery