Abstract
Both conduit and resistance arterial vessels may show vascular morphological and functional alterations due to cigarette smoking. Pathological lesions involve the arterial wall or intravascular lumen with, primarily, narrowing and thrombo-embolic events as an effect of endothelial and blood cell changes related to smoking. Functional disorders are the result of a wide spectrum of biochemical, physiological and metabolic factors. While conduit vessel alterations have been widely investigated, little is known about the changes induced by smoking on the microcirculation. It would seem that the endothelium, platelet aggregation and adhesiveness, nervous system and metabolic changes play a role in damaging resistance arteries and, then, the microcirculation. The result of these effects changes the blood flow and perfusion particularly to the heart, brain and kidney. Alterations of the microcirculation can cause severe and widespread damage because, in addition to the complications of the atherosclerotic lesion which characterizes large arteries, there is a failure of body organs linked to the degree of microvascular damage. Moreover, it seems that 2 major compounds of cigarette smoke are capable of determining vascular damage; initially, nicotine acts preferably on large arteries and carbon monoxide on small arteries, although both compounds damage the vascular system.
Keywords: Smoking, microcirculation, carbon monoxide, nicotine, cardiomyopathy.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Vascular Pathology from Smoking: Look at the Microcirculation!
Volume: 11 Issue: 4
Author(s): Aurelio Leone and Linda Landini
Affiliation:
Keywords: Smoking, microcirculation, carbon monoxide, nicotine, cardiomyopathy.
Abstract: Both conduit and resistance arterial vessels may show vascular morphological and functional alterations due to cigarette smoking. Pathological lesions involve the arterial wall or intravascular lumen with, primarily, narrowing and thrombo-embolic events as an effect of endothelial and blood cell changes related to smoking. Functional disorders are the result of a wide spectrum of biochemical, physiological and metabolic factors. While conduit vessel alterations have been widely investigated, little is known about the changes induced by smoking on the microcirculation. It would seem that the endothelium, platelet aggregation and adhesiveness, nervous system and metabolic changes play a role in damaging resistance arteries and, then, the microcirculation. The result of these effects changes the blood flow and perfusion particularly to the heart, brain and kidney. Alterations of the microcirculation can cause severe and widespread damage because, in addition to the complications of the atherosclerotic lesion which characterizes large arteries, there is a failure of body organs linked to the degree of microvascular damage. Moreover, it seems that 2 major compounds of cigarette smoke are capable of determining vascular damage; initially, nicotine acts preferably on large arteries and carbon monoxide on small arteries, although both compounds damage the vascular system.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Leone Aurelio and Landini Linda, Vascular Pathology from Smoking: Look at the Microcirculation!, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2013; 11 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161111311040016
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161111311040016 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Multiple Roles of Vitamin D in Human Health. A Mini-Review
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Signal Transduction Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Neopterin as a Marker for Immune System Activation
Current Drug Metabolism Gender Differences in the Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design MicroRNAs and the Heart: Small Things Do Matter
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Adiponectin: Merely a Bystander or the Missing Link to Cardiovascular Disease?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ABC Transporters in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Organoselenium Compounds as Potential Therapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Developments in Targeted Analysis of Protein Posttranslational Modifications
Current Proteomics The Right Ventricle: Biologic Insights and Response to Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Truncated Human Cathepsin L, Encoded by a Novel Splice Variant, Exhibits Altered Subcellular Localization and Cytotoxicity
Protein & Peptide Letters A Review of Patents Relating to Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Endothelial Progenitors and Other Vasculogenesis-Related Cell Types
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Can Wogonin be Used in Controlling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?
Current Pharmaceutical Design RAAS Inhibition and Cardiorenal Syndrome
Current Hypertension Reviews Peroxynitrite-Driven Mechanisms in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance – the Latest Advances
Current Medicinal Chemistry Revised Genetic Classification of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
Current Molecular Medicine The Heme Oxygenase System and Type-1 Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Echocardiogram versus Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy – A Case Report
New Emirates Medical Journal microRNA Biogenesis Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Human Disease and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Is It All About Glycemia?
Current Pharmaceutical Design