Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of dyslipidaemia, central obesity, hypertension and/or insulin resistance, is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) type 2 diabetes risk. Different diagnostic criteria for MetS have been proposed but in 2009 a joint statement by several scientific societies was released.
Apart from the diagnostic criteria, MetS has also been associated with other risk factors including waist to hip ratio, high density lipoprotein dysfunction, small dense low density lipoprotein, postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, lipoprotein (a), uric acid, liver function tests, prothrombotic factors, cytokines, adipokines, vitamin D, arterial stiffness, renal dysfunction, nephrolithiasis, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea.
We discuss the extensive list of MetS-associated factors that may influence vascular risk. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of frequently prescribed drugs (e.g. hypolipidaemic agents) on these variables. These effects may need to be taken into consideration when treating MetS patients.
Keywords: Arterial stiffness, cytokines, diagnostic criteria, lipids, metabolic syndrome, platelets, renal dysfunction, uric acid.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Characteristics Other than the Diagnostic Criteria Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview
Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Author(s): Niki Katsiki, Vasilios G. Athyros, Asterios Karagiannis and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Arterial stiffness, cytokines, diagnostic criteria, lipids, metabolic syndrome, platelets, renal dysfunction, uric acid.
Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of dyslipidaemia, central obesity, hypertension and/or insulin resistance, is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) type 2 diabetes risk. Different diagnostic criteria for MetS have been proposed but in 2009 a joint statement by several scientific societies was released.
Apart from the diagnostic criteria, MetS has also been associated with other risk factors including waist to hip ratio, high density lipoprotein dysfunction, small dense low density lipoprotein, postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, lipoprotein (a), uric acid, liver function tests, prothrombotic factors, cytokines, adipokines, vitamin D, arterial stiffness, renal dysfunction, nephrolithiasis, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea.
We discuss the extensive list of MetS-associated factors that may influence vascular risk. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of frequently prescribed drugs (e.g. hypolipidaemic agents) on these variables. These effects may need to be taken into consideration when treating MetS patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Katsiki Niki, Athyros G. Vasilios, Karagiannis Asterios and Mikhailidis P. Dimitri, Characteristics Other than the Diagnostic Criteria Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2014; 12 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990131
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990131 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Epigenetic Mechanisms and Kidney Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Computational Biological Analysis Reveals a Role for Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adiponectin in the Pathobiology of Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease
Current Nutrition & Food Science Editorial [Hot topic:Food Addiction & Obesity Treatment Development (Executive Guest Editors: Mark S. Gold and Noni A. Graham)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypertension in China: Past, Present, and Future
Current Hypertension Reviews Binding Modes and Pharmacophore Modelling of Thermolysin Inhibitors
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Interventions to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Challenges in Vascular Repair by Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Patients
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Refining Genetic Approaches for Identifying Behavioral Loci
Current Genomics Factors which Influence the Levels of ST-2, Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels
Current Pharmaceutical Design Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Ovarian Cancer - Angiogenesis and Targeted Therapy
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Models for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Link with Vascular Risk
Current Pharmaceutical Design Matrix Metalloproteinases as Valid Clinical Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vitamin D Levels in Middle-Aged Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Current Vascular Pharmacology Adverse Effects of Tacrolimus in Renal Transplant Patients from Living Donors
Current Drug Safety Opportunities and Challenges for Host-Directed Therapies in Tuberculosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Subject Index To Volum 2
Current Diabetes Reviews An update on the Management and Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Peripheral Arterial Disease in Persons with Diabetic Foot Ulceration: a Current Comprehensive Overview
Current Diabetes Reviews