Abstract
This review highlights very recent attempts to incorporate natural renewable resources in benzoxazine resin synthesis and the properties of polybenzoxazines derived from them. Strong environmental incentives to reduce consumption of petroleum and its derivatives have also influenced the choice of raw materials for benzoxazine synthesis among many other synthetic polymer precursors. It will be seen that properties of naturally derived polybenzoxazines offer comparable physical and mechanical properties, or unique properties derived from multifunctionality of natural raw materials, often derived from multi-functionality of the natural raw materials. Benzoxazine chemistry’s versatile molecular design flexibility allows incorporation of naturally occurring phenolics, primary amines and hydroxyl compounds, such as cashew nut shell oil, urushiol, terepene, levulinic acid, and cellulose. Use of glycerol as biodiesel production waste from primary waste, such as used cooking oil and fat, as well as naturally occurring amine compound in a biomimetic manner are also discussed.
Keywords: Benzoxazine resin, Polybenzoxazine, Natural renewable resources, Waste.
Current Organic Chemistry
Title:Incorporation of Natural Renewable Components and Waste Byproducts to Benzoxazine Based High Performance Materials
Volume: 17 Issue: 9
Author(s): Kevin Chiou and Hatsuo Ishida
Affiliation:
Keywords: Benzoxazine resin, Polybenzoxazine, Natural renewable resources, Waste.
Abstract: This review highlights very recent attempts to incorporate natural renewable resources in benzoxazine resin synthesis and the properties of polybenzoxazines derived from them. Strong environmental incentives to reduce consumption of petroleum and its derivatives have also influenced the choice of raw materials for benzoxazine synthesis among many other synthetic polymer precursors. It will be seen that properties of naturally derived polybenzoxazines offer comparable physical and mechanical properties, or unique properties derived from multifunctionality of natural raw materials, often derived from multi-functionality of the natural raw materials. Benzoxazine chemistry’s versatile molecular design flexibility allows incorporation of naturally occurring phenolics, primary amines and hydroxyl compounds, such as cashew nut shell oil, urushiol, terepene, levulinic acid, and cellulose. Use of glycerol as biodiesel production waste from primary waste, such as used cooking oil and fat, as well as naturally occurring amine compound in a biomimetic manner are also discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Chiou Kevin and Ishida Hatsuo, Incorporation of Natural Renewable Components and Waste Byproducts to Benzoxazine Based High Performance Materials, Current Organic Chemistry 2013; 17 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272811317090005
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272811317090005 |
Print ISSN 1385-2728 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5348 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of Heterocyclic Chemistry with Pesticide Activity
Global food safety and security will continue to be a global concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Plant diseases have had a significant impact on food safety and security throughout the entire food chain, from primary production to consumption. While conventional chemical pesticides have been traditionally used for ...read more
Calculation design of covalent/metal organic framework based catalysts
This research area combines theoretical computation and screening with machine learning for the design of covalent/metal organic framework-based catalysts, bridging the disciplines of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. It covers several critical aspects: designing and synthesizing organic catalysts for improved performance, applying computational methods ...read more
Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Chemical Biology, Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Perspective of γ - Secretase Modulators in Alzheimers Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Selective Divalent Copper Chelation for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Medicinal Chemistry Determination of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene in Orally Treated Rats by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Transfer Stripping Voltammetry
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Resveratrol and Clinical Trials: The Crossroad from In Vitro Studies to Human Evidence
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormones: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. An Update
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review
Current Clinical Pharmacology From Stem Cells to Dopamine Neurons: Developmental Biology Meets Neurodegeneration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Advances in Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions in the Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews GABAergic Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Motor Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography Imaging of P-selectin Activation Using 68Ga-Fucoidan in Photothrombotic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research EPA and DHA Differentially Affect In Vitro Inflammatory Cytokine Release by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Alzheimer’s Patients
Current Alzheimer Research Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Effects of Hypericum brasiliense and H. connatum on Prolyl Oligopeptidase and Acetylcholinesterase Activities
Medicinal Chemistry Caregiver Involvement in Sexual Risk Reduction with Substance Using Juvenile Delinquents: Overview and Preliminary Outcomes of a Randomized Trial
Adolescent Psychiatry Effects of Maternal Choline Supplementation on the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Current Alzheimer Research Does the Association Between Anxiety and Parkinsons Disease Really Exist? A Literature Review
Current Psychiatry Reviews A Clinician’s Guide to Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Current Psychiatry Reviews PLGA Nanoparticles and Polysorbate-80-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles Increase the In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Melatonin
Current Drug Delivery N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as New Potential Antiepileptic Drug: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Studies on Stability, Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Efficacy
Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot topic: Tau, Neurodegeneration and Alzheimers Disease (Guest Editor: Alejandra del Carmen Alonso)]
Current Alzheimer Research Preface: Paradigm Shift in Depression Research
Current Psychiatry Reviews