Abstract
Branched sugar nucleosides have attracted much attention due to their biological activities. We have demonstrated that epoxysugar nucleosides serve as versatile precursor for the stereo-defined synthesis of these nucleoside derivatives on the basis of its ring opening with organoaluminum or organosilicon reagents. In this review article, novel methods for the synthesis of nucleoside analogues branched at the 1' and 4'-position will be described. During this study, we could discover an anti-HIV agent, 4'-ethynylstavudine (Festinavir).
Festinavir showed more potent anti-HIV activity than the parent compound stavudine (d4T). Other significant properties of Festinavir are as follows: 1) much less toxic to various cells and also to mitochondorial DNA synthesis than d4T, 2) better substrate for human thymidine kinase than d4T, 3) resistant not only to chemical glycosidic bond cleavage but also to catabolism by thymidine phosphorylase, 4) the activity improves in the presence of a major mutation, K103N, associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Detailed profile of the antiviral activities, biology and pharmacology of Festinavir are also described.
Keywords: Epoxide, sugar, nucleoside, organoaluminum reagent, NRTIs, stavudine, anti-HIV-1 agent
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:From the Chemistry of Epoxy-Sugar Nucleosides to the Discovery of Anti-HIV Agent 4'-ethynylstavudine-Festinavir
Volume: 19 Issue: 10
Author(s): Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Shingo Takeda, Yutaka Kubota, Hiroki Kumamoto, Hiromichi Tanaka, Takayuki Hamasaki, Masanori Baba, Elijah Paintsil and Yung-Chi Cheng
Affiliation:
Keywords: Epoxide, sugar, nucleoside, organoaluminum reagent, NRTIs, stavudine, anti-HIV-1 agent
Abstract: Branched sugar nucleosides have attracted much attention due to their biological activities. We have demonstrated that epoxysugar nucleosides serve as versatile precursor for the stereo-defined synthesis of these nucleoside derivatives on the basis of its ring opening with organoaluminum or organosilicon reagents. In this review article, novel methods for the synthesis of nucleoside analogues branched at the 1' and 4'-position will be described. During this study, we could discover an anti-HIV agent, 4'-ethynylstavudine (Festinavir).
Festinavir showed more potent anti-HIV activity than the parent compound stavudine (d4T). Other significant properties of Festinavir are as follows: 1) much less toxic to various cells and also to mitochondorial DNA synthesis than d4T, 2) better substrate for human thymidine kinase than d4T, 3) resistant not only to chemical glycosidic bond cleavage but also to catabolism by thymidine phosphorylase, 4) the activity improves in the presence of a major mutation, K103N, associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Detailed profile of the antiviral activities, biology and pharmacology of Festinavir are also described.
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Cite this article as:
Haraguchi Kazuhiro, Takeda Shingo, Kubota Yutaka, Kumamoto Hiroki, Tanaka Hiromichi, Hamasaki Takayuki, Baba Masanori, Paintsil Elijah and Cheng Yung-Chi, From the Chemistry of Epoxy-Sugar Nucleosides to the Discovery of Anti-HIV Agent 4'-ethynylstavudine-Festinavir, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319100011
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319100011 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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