Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms aimed to evade host defenses. This review summarizes selected examples of how bacteria utilize proteolytic enzymes to efficiently establish and spread infection systemically. First, the role of proteases in intracellular survival and persistence – the primary means used by bacteria to endure phagocytosis and/or avoid the vigilance of the immune system – is discussed. Second, it is demonstrated how some bacteria escape entanglement in fibrin(ogen) meshes, by inducing their proteolytic dissolution while other species modify the proteolytic cascade of mesh formation to divert this important innate immune defense for their own benefit. Third, bacterial proteolytic toxins are introduced, which allow microorganisms to exert and take advantage of systemic effects already during primary, localized infection. Finally, it is discussed how viruses utilize bacterial proteases by taking advantage of concurrent infection, and how pathogens may even mutually benefit from the joint presence of other pathogens. The reviewed adaptations are often essential for pathogen survival in the hostile environment of a host organism. As such, the potential benefits of pharmacological interference in relevant pathways for the struggle against bacterial pathogens are also discussed.
Keywords: Protease, proteinase, bacteria, intracellular survival, coagulation, fibrinolysis, toxins, viral infection, pathogenesis.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Bacterial Proteases in Disease – Role in Intracellular Survival, Evasion of Coagulation/ Fibrinolysis Innate Defenses, Toxicoses and Viral Infections
Volume: 19 Issue: 6
Author(s): Grzegorz Dubin, Joanna Koziel, Krzysztof Pyrc, Benedykt Wladyka and Jan Potempa
Affiliation:
Keywords: Protease, proteinase, bacteria, intracellular survival, coagulation, fibrinolysis, toxins, viral infection, pathogenesis.
Abstract: Pathogenic bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms aimed to evade host defenses. This review summarizes selected examples of how bacteria utilize proteolytic enzymes to efficiently establish and spread infection systemically. First, the role of proteases in intracellular survival and persistence – the primary means used by bacteria to endure phagocytosis and/or avoid the vigilance of the immune system – is discussed. Second, it is demonstrated how some bacteria escape entanglement in fibrin(ogen) meshes, by inducing their proteolytic dissolution while other species modify the proteolytic cascade of mesh formation to divert this important innate immune defense for their own benefit. Third, bacterial proteolytic toxins are introduced, which allow microorganisms to exert and take advantage of systemic effects already during primary, localized infection. Finally, it is discussed how viruses utilize bacterial proteases by taking advantage of concurrent infection, and how pathogens may even mutually benefit from the joint presence of other pathogens. The reviewed adaptations are often essential for pathogen survival in the hostile environment of a host organism. As such, the potential benefits of pharmacological interference in relevant pathways for the struggle against bacterial pathogens are also discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dubin Grzegorz, Koziel Joanna, Pyrc Krzysztof, Wladyka Benedykt and Potempa Jan, Bacterial Proteases in Disease – Role in Intracellular Survival, Evasion of Coagulation/ Fibrinolysis Innate Defenses, Toxicoses and Viral Infections, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319060011
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319060011 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Current Status of Newer Antiinfectives
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Non-Microbicidal Control of Bacterial Biofilms with Small Molecules
Anti-Infective Agents Current and Future Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Staphylococcal Medical Device-Related Infections
Current Pharmaceutical Design Complications of Infective Endocarditis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Use of Nanoparticles as Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Current Drug Metabolism Cyclic Peptides that Govern Signal Transduction Pathways: From Prokaryotes to Multi-Cellular Organisms
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Options and Emerging Alternatives for Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcal Infections
Current Pharmaceutical Design Small Peptide Radiopharmaceuticals in the Imaging of Acute Thrombus
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Synthetic Antibiotics for the Treatment of Enterococcus and Campylobacter Infection
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Arterial Duct Stenting in Congenital Heart Disease with Duct-Dependent Pulmonary Circulation
Current Pediatric Reviews Concurrent Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus Septicemia</i> and Thyroid Abscess in a Young Male with Dengue
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Assay of Daptomycin Injection: Development and Validation of an Environment-friendly CZE Method
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Still More Questions than Answers
Current Neuropharmacology Annexin A5 Imaging: An Academic Research – Clinical Trials and Theses
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) Inpatient Care of the HIV Infected Patient in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Era
Current HIV Research Linezolid Activity Against Disseminated Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis and Central Nervous System Abscesses: Focus on Early Drug Myelotoxicity
Current Drug Safety Current Developments in Anti-Fungal Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Infective Agents Dissecting the Therapeutic Potency of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Microbial Biofilms
Current Protein & Peptide Science Bacterial Zinc Proteases and their Inhibition
Current Enzyme Inhibition Alkaloids: An Emerging Antibacterial Modality Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Current Pharmaceutical Design