Abstract
Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations are receiving renewed interest in light of the increasing legitimate medical use of prescription opioids for the adequate treatment of pain. Unfortunately, there is an inevitable associated potential for misuse, diversion, and abuse. The challenges of deterrence are significant: opioid abusers are a heterogeneous population; studies on drug “liking” and opioid “attractiveness” are informative, but mainly rely on reports from users who are not reliable respondents; drug “liking” scores are useful, but it is unclear how much drug “liking” must be reduced in order to achieve an actual reduction in abuse levels; and the most popular drugs among opioid abusers appear to be those that meet a complex combination of both positive and negative criteria including things like availability, pricing, and how easily the drug’s illicit use can be concealed. Several abuse-deterrent formulations have been introduced or are in development. Epidemiological studies will have to be conducted to evaluate their effectiveness. Although there are currently more questions than answers, such products are clearly of medical and societal importance.
Keywords: Opioids, opioid abuse, opioid misuse, abuse-deterrent opioids, abuse-resistant opioids, pain, availability, pricing, drug, effectiveness.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Non-Analgesic Effects of Opioids: Factors Relevant to Opioid Abuse and Abuse- Deterrent Formulations
Volume: 18 Issue: 37
Author(s): Joseph V. Pergolizzi, Robert B. Raffa, Jason S. Pergolizzi and Robert Taylor
Affiliation:
Keywords: Opioids, opioid abuse, opioid misuse, abuse-deterrent opioids, abuse-resistant opioids, pain, availability, pricing, drug, effectiveness.
Abstract: Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations are receiving renewed interest in light of the increasing legitimate medical use of prescription opioids for the adequate treatment of pain. Unfortunately, there is an inevitable associated potential for misuse, diversion, and abuse. The challenges of deterrence are significant: opioid abusers are a heterogeneous population; studies on drug “liking” and opioid “attractiveness” are informative, but mainly rely on reports from users who are not reliable respondents; drug “liking” scores are useful, but it is unclear how much drug “liking” must be reduced in order to achieve an actual reduction in abuse levels; and the most popular drugs among opioid abusers appear to be those that meet a complex combination of both positive and negative criteria including things like availability, pricing, and how easily the drug’s illicit use can be concealed. Several abuse-deterrent formulations have been introduced or are in development. Epidemiological studies will have to be conducted to evaluate their effectiveness. Although there are currently more questions than answers, such products are clearly of medical and societal importance.
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Cite this article as:
V. Pergolizzi Joseph, B. Raffa Robert, S. Pergolizzi Jason and Taylor Robert, Non-Analgesic Effects of Opioids: Factors Relevant to Opioid Abuse and Abuse- Deterrent Formulations, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (37) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803582379
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803582379 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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