Abstract
It is well established that physically fit individuals have a reduced risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease) and other age-related chronic disorders. Regular exercise is an established therapeutic intervention with an enormous range of benefits. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may be involved in atherosclerosis, diabetes and in pathogenesis of several chronic pathological conditions; recent findings confirm that physical activity induces an increase in the systemic levels of a number of cytokines and chemokines with anti-inflammatory properties. The possibility that regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammation activity, being the interaction between contracting muscle and the other tissues and the circulating cells mediated through signals transmitted by “myokines” produced with muscle contractions. To date the list of myokines includes IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. During muscle contractions are also released IL- 1receptor antagonis and sTNF-R, molecules that contribute to provide anti-inflammatory actions.
Nevertheless discrepancies, analysis of available researches seem to confirm the efficacy of regular physical training as a nonpharmacological therapy having target chronic low-grade inflammation. Given this, physical exercise could be considerate a useful weapon against local vascular and systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms explain the positive effect of chronic exercise, nevertheless, these mechanisms do not fully enlighten all pathways by which exercise can decrease inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and hence modulate the progression of the underlying disease progress.
Keywords: Physical exercise, atherosclerosis, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, CVD (cardiovascular disease), diabetes, cytokines, chemokines, endothelial dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis
Volume: 18 Issue: 28
Author(s): A. Pinto, D. Di Raimondo, A. Tuttolomondo, C. Butta, G. Milio and G. Licata
Affiliation:
Keywords: Physical exercise, atherosclerosis, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, CVD (cardiovascular disease), diabetes, cytokines, chemokines, endothelial dysfunction
Abstract: It is well established that physically fit individuals have a reduced risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease) and other age-related chronic disorders. Regular exercise is an established therapeutic intervention with an enormous range of benefits. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may be involved in atherosclerosis, diabetes and in pathogenesis of several chronic pathological conditions; recent findings confirm that physical activity induces an increase in the systemic levels of a number of cytokines and chemokines with anti-inflammatory properties. The possibility that regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammation activity, being the interaction between contracting muscle and the other tissues and the circulating cells mediated through signals transmitted by “myokines” produced with muscle contractions. To date the list of myokines includes IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. During muscle contractions are also released IL- 1receptor antagonis and sTNF-R, molecules that contribute to provide anti-inflammatory actions.
Nevertheless discrepancies, analysis of available researches seem to confirm the efficacy of regular physical training as a nonpharmacological therapy having target chronic low-grade inflammation. Given this, physical exercise could be considerate a useful weapon against local vascular and systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms explain the positive effect of chronic exercise, nevertheless, these mechanisms do not fully enlighten all pathways by which exercise can decrease inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and hence modulate the progression of the underlying disease progress.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pinto A., Di Raimondo D., Tuttolomondo A., Butta C., Milio G. and Licata G., Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802481192
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802481192 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
GPER and ER: Estrogen Receptors with Distinct Biological Roles in Breast Cancer
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) A Scientometrics Analysis and Visualization of Depressive Disorder
Current Neuropharmacology Ranolazine, a Partial Fatty Acid Oxidation Inhibitor, its Potential Benefit in Angina and Other Cardiovascular Disorders
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Reductions in Medications with Substantial Weight Loss with Behavioral Intervention
Current Clinical Pharmacology Role of Hyperglycaemia in Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) The Role of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling in Cardiovascular Therapy
Current Signal Transduction Therapy The Wnt/β-catenin Signalling Pathway Inhibitor Sclerostin is a Biomarker for Early Atherosclerosis in Obesity
Current Neurovascular Research Insights Into Early and Rapid Effects of Statin Therapy after Coronary Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cognitive and Cardiovascular Benefits of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Aging and Cognitive Decline
Current Alzheimer Research Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Updated Data on Safety Profile
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Advances in Health Promoting Effect of Dietary Polyphenols
Current Nutrition & Food Science Novel Targets for Antiinflammatory and Antiarthritic Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Coronary Angiography Using Noninvasive Imaging Techniques of Cardiac CT and MRI
Current Cardiology Reviews Nanomedicine: Magnetic Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Vascular Inflammation and its Related Signaling Pathways
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Identification and Characterization of a Novel Oligomeric Decaprenyl Diphosphate Synthase
Protein & Peptide Letters Beta-Blockers in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease: Are we on the Verge of a New Paradigm Shift?
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Podophyllotoxin: Current Perspectives
Current Bioactive Compounds Defensive and Offensive Cross-Reactive Antibodies Elicited by Pathogens: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Current Medicinal Chemistry Involvement of Cytokines and Inflammation in Catecholamine-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued)